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Epstein Barr Virus Volume 2 pp 385–405Cite as

Non-human Primate Lymphocryptoviruses: Past, Present, and Future

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 391))

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) orthologues from non-human primates (NHPs) have been studied for nearly as long as EBV itself. Cross-reactive sera and DNA hybridization studies provided the first glimpses of the closely related herpesviruses that belonged to the same gamma-1 herpesvirus, or lymphocryptovirus, genus, as EBV. Over the years, detailed molecular and sequence analyses of LCVs that infect humans and other NHPs revealed similar colinear genome structures and homologous viral proteins expressed during latent and lytic infection. Despite these similarities, experimental infection of NHPs with EBV did not result in acute symptoms or persistent infection as observed in humans, suggesting some degree of host species restriction. Genome sequencing and a molecular clone of an LCV isolate from naturally infected rhesus macaques combined with domestic colonies of LCV-naïve rhesus macaques have opened the door to a unique experimental animal model that accurately reproduces the normal transmission, acute viremia, lifelong persistence, and immune responses found in EBV-infected humans. This chapter will summarize the advances made over the last 50 years in our understanding of LCVs that naturally infect both Old and New World NHPs, the recent, groundbreaking developments in the use of rhesus macaques as an animal model for EBV infection, and how NHP LCVs and the rhLCV animal model can advance future EBV research and the development of an EBV vaccine.

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Abbreviations

baLCV:

Baboon lymphocryptovirus

BARF1:

BamHI A rightward open reading frame 1

chLCV:

Chimpanzee lymphocryptovirus

CSF1-R:

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor

cyLCV:

Cynomolgus lymphocryptovirus

EBERs:

Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs

EBNA:

Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen

EBV:

Epstein-Barr virus

goLCV:

Gorilla lymphocryptovirus

gp340:

Glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 340 kDa

IM:

Infectious mononucleosis

LCL:

Lymphoblastoid cell line

LCV:

Lymphocryptovirus

LMP:

Latent membrane protein

maLCV:

Marmoset lymphocryptovirus

MHC-I:

Major histocompatibility complex I

NHP:

Non-human primate

ORF:

Open reading frame

orLCV:

Orangutan lymphocryptovirus

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

rhEBERs:

Rhesus lymphocryptovirus homologue of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs

rhLCV:

Rhesus lymphocryptovirus

SIV:

Simian immunodeficiency virus

SHIV:

Simian–human immunodeficiency virus

spf:

Specific pathogen free

TR:

Terminal repeat

VCA:

Viral capsid antigen

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115

    Janine Mühe & Fred Wang

  2. Department of Molecular Biology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115

    Janine Mühe & Fred Wang

  3. Infectious Diseases Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA

    Fred Wang

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  1. Janine Mühe
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  2. Fred Wang
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Correspondence to Fred Wang .

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  1. Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Christian Münz

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Mühe, J., Wang, F. (2015). Non-human Primate Lymphocryptoviruses: Past, Present, and Future. In: Münz, C. (eds) Epstein Barr Virus Volume 2. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 391. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22834-1_13

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