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T-Cell Responses to EBV

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Epstein Barr Virus Volume 2

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 391))

Abstract

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is arguably one of the most successful pathogens of humans, persistently infecting over ninety percent of the world’s population. Despite this high frequency of carriage, the virus causes apparently few adverse effects in the vast majority of infected individuals. Nevertheless, the potent growth transforming ability of EBV means the virus has the potential to cause malignancies in infected individuals. Indeed, EBV is thought to cause 1 % of human malignancies, equating to 200,000 malignancies each year. A clear factor as to why virus-induced disease is relatively infrequent in healthy infected individuals is the presence of a potent immune response to EBV, in particular, that mediated by T cells. Thus, patient groups with immunodeficiencies or whose cellular immune response is suppressed have much higher frequencies of EBV-induced disease and, in at least some cases, these diseases can be controlled by restoration of the T-cell compartment. In this chapter, we will primarily review the role the αβ subset of T cells in the control of EBV in healthy and diseased individuals.

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Abbreviations

BL:

Burkitt lymphoma

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

DLBCL:

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

E:

Early

EBNA:

Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen

EBV:

Epstein–Barr virus

ENKTL:

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma

GCa:

Gastric carcinoma

HL:

Hodgkin lymphoma

HLA:

Human leucocyte antigen

IE:

Immediate early

IM:

Infectious mononucleosis

iNKT:

Invariant natural killer T cell

L:

Late

LCL:

Lymphoblastoid cell line

LMP:

Latent membrane protein

MHC:

Major histocompatability complex

NK:

Natural killer

NPC:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PTLD:

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease

SAP:

Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein

TAP:

Transporter associated with antigen processing

TCR:

T-cell receptor

VCA:

Viral capsid antigen

XIAP:

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein

XLP:

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

    Andrew D. Hislop & Graham S. Taylor

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  1. Andrew D. Hislop
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  2. Graham S. Taylor
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Correspondence to Andrew D. Hislop or Graham S. Taylor .

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  1. Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Christian Münz

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Hislop, A.D., Taylor, G.S. (2015). T-Cell Responses to EBV. In: Münz, C. (eds) Epstein Barr Virus Volume 2. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 391. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22834-1_11

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