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Triticale Abiotic Stresses—An Overview

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Triticale

Abstract

Triticale is a new cereal which has been produced by crossing wheat and rye. Over years thanks to research and breeding, it has become an important small grain addition to the agricultural repertoire designed to cope with the needs of many regions of the world for feed, forage, and sustainable cropping systems. Triticale appeared also to play an important role in the improvement of wheat in that way it is a donor of rye value-added trait genes which are missing in wheat. These can be introduced into wheat, e.g., fungal disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerances. The crossing of wheat and rye endowed triticale its potential to adapt to a variety of environments, climatic conditions and a wide range of soils, including drylands and marginal ones. Under high input and rainfall environments, the best triticales and wheats have comparable grain yield, with some advantage for the triticales. Triticale is a robust crop with high forage and grain yield potential, good nutritional quality, and frost tolerance. In addition to its high feeding value, strengths of triticale include the following: management similar to other small grains, cold tolerance, vigorous growth, and resistance to many abiotic stresses. In addition to frost tolerance, triticale copes well with light acidic soils, soil salinity, and toxic aluminum ions. Of all the cereals available to farmers, triticale has the best adaptation to water-logged soils and those of high pH (alkaline soils). Triticale is also tolerant of low pH (acidic soils), grows well on sodic soils, and tolerates soils high in boron. Triticale in general has superior drought resistance compared to barley, wheat, and oat. On the other hand, humid weather conditions near harvest ripeness often cause pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) problems in triticale. The susceptibility of triticale to sprouting is under the climate influence of the cool and wet weather in many regions worldwide, which are the limiting factors to expand triticale production by acreage and by grain volume. Triticale is more susceptible to sprouting in the swath than in hard red wheat. Straight combining is advisable, since it has been successful in minimizing sprouting damage. Among triticale varieties, significant differences in regard to resistance to PHS have been observed. If swathing is required, it may be swathed, without a loss of yield, bushel weight, or quality, when the kernels have 35 % moisture or less. Triticale is quite resistant to shattering and lodging. Lodging of the crop occurs because of excessive height, lush growth under conditions of high moisture and fertility, and high seeding rates. Short in stature and strong straw increase lodging resistance in triticale. Earlier seeding appears to reduce this tendency toward lodging. The goal of this overview is to gather knowledge acquired through research on the above-mentioned abiotic stress factors in triticale what will help in the application of stress-responsive determinants and in engineering and growing the crop plants with enhanced tolerance to such a stress.

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  1. Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, 05-870, Radzików, Blonie, Poland

    Edward Arseniuk

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    François Eudes

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Arseniuk, E. (2015). Triticale Abiotic Stresses—An Overview. In: Eudes, F. (eds) Triticale. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22551-7_4

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