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Streptococcal Superantigens pp 1–41Cite as

Streptococcal Superantigens

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Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Microbiology ((BRIEFSMICROBIOL))

Abstract

This book starts with a basic knowledge about Streptococcus pyogenes as a pathogen. It elucidates briefly about the array of virulence factors possessed by Streptococcus pyogenes. These help in evading host immune responses such as by the activation of nonspecific T-cell subpopulations, cleaving of IgG, degradation of chemokines and inactivation of complement system. It also releases DNases to chop down neutrophil entrapments (NETs) and proteases for cleaving antimicrobial peptides and proteins. Out of all the virulence factors, this book mainly targets superantigens and explains how they are different from conventional antigens. These molecules can trigger massive T-cell proliferation like a mitogen, but its MHC class II dependency remains a prerequisite. Unlike the conventional antigens, superantigens (SAg) do not require preprocessing and display onto Antigen presenting cells (APC). They form MHC class II/SAg/TCR complex by binding to the variable β (Vβ) subunit of T-cells and thus lead to nonspecific proliferation of subset of T-cells. Furthermore, it is seen that SAgs bring different subtypes of cells closer, thus compelling them to exchange signals that lead to biochemical changes and thus triggering inflammatory cytokines release. Moreover, this book also elaborates those diseases in which superantigens are actively involved. In addition, useful aspects of superantigens and different therapeutic interventions to eradicate superantigens induced diseased have also been discussed in this book. Overall, this book is an attempt to provide ample knowledge and better understanding about Streptococcus pyogenes and their superantigens for readers. To develop easy understanding, many illustrative figures have also been used to explain the text.

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Babbar, A. (2015). Streptococcal Superantigens. In: Streptococcal Superantigens. SpringerBriefs in Microbiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22455-8_1

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