Abstract
Rapid penetration experiments using spherical projectiles at speeds up to 100 m/s were conducted in natural silica sand and in artificial sand comprised of crushed fused quartz. Material was recovered from the impact zone and subjected to size analysis and microscopic inspection. The fused quartz was much more susceptible to particle size reduction, particularly at lower velocities than natural sand. However, when the sand fractured, the particles were considerably smaller than those observed in fused quartz.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Dayal, U., Allen, J.H., Jones, J.M.: Use of an impact penetrometer for the evaluation of in-situ strength of marine sediments. Mar. Geotechnol. 1(2), 73–89 (1975)
Backman, M.E., Goldsmith, W.: The mechanics of penetration of projectiles into targets. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 16, 1–99 (1978)
Chen, C.L., Zhang, T., Goldman, D.L.: A terradynamics of legged locomotion on granular media. Science 22, 1408–1412 (2012)
Forrestal, M.J., Luk, V.K.: Penetration into soil targets. Int. J. Impact Eng. 12(3), 427–444 (1992)
Bless, S., Peden, B., Guzman, I.L., Omidvar, M., Iskander, M.: Poncelet coefficients of granular media. In: Society for Experimental Mechanics Proceedings of 2013 Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Lombard, 2–5 June 2013
McDowell, G.R., Bolton, M.D.: On the micromechanics of crushable aggregates. Geotechnique 48, 667–679 (1998)
Luo, H., Cooper, W.L., Lu, H.: Effect of moisture on the compressive behavior of dense eglin sand under confinement at high strain rates. In: Proceedings of 2013 Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Lombard, 2–5 June 2013
Allen, W.A., Mayfield, E.B., Morrison, H.L.: Dynamics of a projectile penetrating sand. J. Appl. Phys. 28, 370–376 (1957)
Allen, W.A., Mayfield, E.B., Morrison, H.L.: Dynamics of a projectile penetrating sand. J. Appl. Phys. 28, 1331–1335 (1957)
Bless, S.J., Cooper, W., Watanbe, K.: Penetration of rigid rods into sand. In: International Symposium on Ballistics, Miami (2011)
Ben-Nun, O., Einav, I.: The role of self-organization during confined comminution of granular materials. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 368(1910), 231–247 (2010)
Nguyen, G.D., Einav, I.: The energetics of cataclasis based on breakage mechanics. In: Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones. Pageoph Topical Volumes, pp. 1693–1724. Birkhäuser, Basel (2010)
Omidvar, M., Iskander, M., Bless, S.: Stress-strain behavior of sand at high strain rates. Int. J. Impact Eng. 49, 192–213 (2012)
Bless, S.J.: Failure waves and their possible roles in determining penetration resistance of glass. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 7, 400–408 (2009)
Borg, J.P., Morrissey, M., Perich, C., Vogler, T., Chhabildas, L.: In situ velocity and stress characterization of a projectile penetrating a sand target: experimental measurements and continuum simulations. Int. J. Impact Eng. 51, 23–35 (2013)
Guzman, I.L., Iskander, M.: Geotechnical properties of sucrose-saturated fused quartz for use in physical modeling. Geotech. Test. J. 36, 8 (2013)
Iskander, M.: Modeling with Transparent Soils, Visualizing Soil Structure Interaction and Multi Phase Flow, Non-Intrusively, p. 329. Springer, New York (2010)
Guzman, I.L., Iskander, M., Suescun-Florez, E., Omidvar, M.: A transparent aqueous-saturated sand surrogate for use in physical modeling. Acta Geotech. 9(2), 187–206 (2013)
Cave, A., Roslyakov, S., Iskander, M., Bless, S.: Design and performance of a laboratory pneumatic gun for soil ballistic applications. Experimental Techniques, Wiley, EXT-T-1050.R1 (2013)
Hardin, B.O.: Crushing of particles. J. Geotech. Eng. ASCE 111, 1177–1192 (1985)
Cullity, B.D., Stock, S.R.: Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 3rd edn, pp. 185–201. Pearson, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2001)
Bless, S.J., Berry, D.T., Pederson, B., Lawhorn, W.: Sand penetration by high speed projectiles. In: Proceedings of Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, pp. 1361–1364, (2009)
Borg, J., Van Vooren, A., Sandusky, H., Felts, J.: Sand penetration: a near nose investigation of a sand penetration event. In: Society for Experimental Mechanics Proceedings of 2013 Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Lombard, 2–5 June 2013
Omidvar, M., Iskander, M., & Bless, S.: Response of granular media to rapid penetration. Int. J. Impact Eng. 66, 60–82 (2014)
Nakata, Y., Hyodo, M., Hyde, A., Kato, Y., Murata, H.: Microscopic particle crushing in sand subjected to high pressure one-dimensional compression. Soils Found. 41(1), 69–82 (2001)
Cavarretta, I., Coop, M., O’Sullivan, C.: The influence of particle characteristics on the behavior of coarse grained soils. Geotechnique 60(6), 413–423 (2010)
Altuhafi, F.N., Coop, M.R.: Changes to particle characteristics associated with the compression of sands. Geotechnique 61(6), 459–471 (2011)
Acknowledgment
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) of the United States of America, Grant No: HDTRA1-10-1-0049.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Suescun-Florez, E., Guzman, I.L., Bless, S., Iskander, M. (2016). Particle Size Reduction in Granular Materials During Rapid Penetration. In: Song, B., Lamberson, L., Casem, D., Kimberley, J. (eds) Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22452-7_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22452-7_31
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22451-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22452-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)