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Role of the Food and Supplement Industries in Human Health

  • Chapter
Preventive Nutrition

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

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Abstract

Advances in agri-food productivity coupled with improvements in food distribution systems globally have increased food production and facilitated food distribution. Despite these gains, food insecurity (having sufficient amounts of food in a reliable manner) and nutrition security (access to all essential nutrients required to maintain health) continue to exist. The discovery of vitamins in the early 1900’s and commercial production to enrich and fortify foods has helped prevent vitamin deficiency diseases. Despite the millions of lives which have been saved by enrichment/fortification, significant proportions of the world population are still underconsuming vitamins A, C, D, E, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, fiber and potassium. At present, human nutrition policy is being buffeted by discourse over the optimal balance of macronutrients (amount and type of fat, carbohydrate and protein) and the types of foods which should be consumed (natural, organic, enriched/fortified, etc.). As populations shift from rural to urban areas, fewer people will produce food or live in close proximity to farmers who grow crops or raise livestock. In essence, an increasing proportion of a growing population will depend upon a robust, global food system. Food fortification is an efficient, cost-effective means to fill micronutrient gaps; the same can be said for dietary supplementation. As people make dietary choices based on convenience, taste, cost, cultural and personal values, it is important to assess nutritional status objectively. Dietary intake records are not an accurate measure of nutrient exposure. Micronutrient status needs to be assessed by measuring concentrations in biological samples and applying criterion of adequacy, i.e. serum 25(OH)D3 concentration needed to maintain bone health, to guide individual practice and nutrition policy. Using objective biological measures of nutritional status, individuals and communities at greatest risk of nutrient insufficiency (or excess) can be identified and appropriate education and/or regulatory actions can be implemented. By adopting technological innovations in nutritional status assessment, agricultural production, processing, and distribution, consumers can be provided with a variety of products meeting their nutritional needs and personal values.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DSM Nutritional Products, 45 Waterview Blvd, Parsippany, NJ, 07054, USA

    Michael I. McBurney Ph.D., F.A.C.N. & Eric D. Ciappio Ph.D., R.D.

  2. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA

    Michael I. McBurney Ph.D., F.A.C.N.

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Correspondence to Michael I. McBurney Ph.D., F.A.C.N. .

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  1. Consultants in Consumer Healthcare, Morristown, New Jersey, USA

    Adrianne Bendich

  2. Columbia University Inst. Human Nutrition, New York, New York, USA

    Richard J. Deckelbaum

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McBurney, M.I., Ciappio, E.D. (2015). Role of the Food and Supplement Industries in Human Health. In: Bendich, A., Deckelbaum, R. (eds) Preventive Nutrition. Nutrition and Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22431-2_38

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