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Ripple Phase

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Book cover Structure Determination of HIV-1 Tat/Fluid Phase Membranes and DMPC Ripple Phase Using X-Ray Scattering

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

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Abstract

This chapter presents synchrotron X-ray study of high resolution structure for the \(P_{\beta ^{{\prime}}}\) ripple phase of the phospholipid dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). Lipid bilayers consisting of DMPC were oriented onto a silicon wafer and hydrated through the vapor in a hydration chamber. First, brief history of the ripple phase is presented. The materials and methods section describes in detail the sample preparation and experimental setups for low and wide angle X-ray scattering (LAXS and WAXS, respectively) from oriented samples. Then, I derive mathematical corrections necessary for analysis of LAXS data. The determined electron density map has a sawtooth profile similar to the result from lower resolution data, but the features are sharper allowing better estimates for the modulated bilayer profile and the distribution of headgroups along the aqueous interface. Moreover, analysis of high resolution wide angle X-ray data shows that the hydrocarbon chains in the longer, major side of the asymmetric sawtooth are packed similarly to the L β F gel phase, with chains in both monolayers coupled and tilted by 18∘ C in the same direction. The absence of Bragg rods that could be associated with the minor side is consistent with disordered chains, as often suggested in the literature. I conclude with possible future experiments.

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  1. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Kiyotaka Akabori

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Akabori, K. (2015). Ripple Phase. In: Structure Determination of HIV-1 Tat/Fluid Phase Membranes and DMPC Ripple Phase Using X-Ray Scattering. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22210-3_3

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