Abstract
There has been a bit of discussion, of late, as to whether Church’s thesis is subject to proof. The purpose of this article is to help clarify the issue by discussing just what it is to be a proof of something, and the relationship of the intuitive notion of proof to its more formal explications. A central item on the agenda is the epistemological role of proofs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Some later writers invoke a different notion of computability, which relates to mechanical computing devices. Prima facie, this latter notion is an idealization from a physical notion. So, for present purposes, the issues are similar.
- 2.
The letter, which was dated November 29, 1935, is quoted in Davis [12, p. 9].
- 3.
Clearly, this is not a sufficient condition. A one or two line argument whose sole premise and conclusion is a previously established proposition does not constitute a proof of that proposition.
- 4.
Boolos [28] is a delightful challenge to some of the more counter-intuitive consequences of ZFC, suggesting that we need not believe everything the theory tells us. If anything even remotely close to the conclusions of that paper is correct, then, surely, the axioms of ZFC fall short of the ideal of self-evident certainty.
References
A. Church, An unsolvable problem of elementary number theory. Am. J. Math. 58, 345–363 (1936); reprinted in [7], pp. 89–107
J. Copeland, The Church-Turing thesis. Stanf. Encycl. Philos. (1997) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/church-turing/
E. Post, Absolutely unsolvable problems and relatively undecidable propositions, in [7], pp. 338–433
S. Kleene, Introduction to Metamathematics (Amsterdam, North Holland, 1952)
H. Wang, A Logical Journey: From Gödel to Philosophy (The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996)
H. Wang, From Mathematics to Philosophy (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1974)
M. Davis, The Undecidable (The Raven Press, Hewlett, NY, 1965)
K. Gödel, Remarks before the Princeton bicentennial conference on problems in mathematics (1946); [7], pp. 84–88
A. Turing, On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 42, 230–265 (1936) reprinted in [7], pp. 116–153
S. Kleene, Origins of recursive function theory. Ann. Hist. Comput. 3(1), 52–67 (1981)
S. Kleene, Reflections on Church’s thesis. Notre Dame J. Formal Log. 28, 490–498 (1987)
M. Davis, Why Gödel didn’t have Church’s thesis. Inf. Control Academic Press 54, 3–24 (1982)
S. Shapiro, Review of Kleene (1981), Davis (1982), and Kleene (1987). J. Symb. Log. 55, 348–350 (1990)
K. Gödel, On undecidable propositions of formal mathematical systems (1934); [7], pp. 39–74
R. Gandy, The confluence of ideas in 1936, in The Universal Turing Machine, ed. by R. Herken (Oxford University Press, New York, 1988), pp. 55–111
E. Mendelson, Second thoughts about Church’s thesis and mathematical proofs. J. Philos. 87, 225–233 (1990)
W. Sieg, Mechanical procedures and mathematical experience, in Mathematics and Mind, ed. by A. George (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994), pp. 71–140
W. Sieg, Calculations by man and machine: conceptual analysis, in Reflections on the Foundations of Mathematics: Essays in Honor of Solomon Feferman, in ed. by W. Sieg, R. Sommer, C. Talcott, (Association for Symbolic Logic, A. K. Peters, Ltd., Natick, MA, 2002), pp. 390–409
W. Sieg, Calculations by man and machine: mathematical presentation, in In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science 1, ed. by P. Gärdenfors, J Woleński, K. Kijania-Placek (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2002), pp. 247–262
J. Folina, Church’s thesis: prelude to a proof. Philos. Math. 6 (3), 302–323 (1998)
R. Black, Proving Church’s thesis. Philo. Math. (III) 8, 244–258 (2000)
P. Maddy, Naturalism in Mathematics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997)
Y. Moschovakis, Notes on Set Theory (Springer, New York, 1994)
I. Lakatos, Mathematics, Science and Epistemology, ed. by J. Worrall, G. Currie (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1978)
K. Gödel, Some basic theorems on the foundations of mathematics and their implications, in Collected Works 3 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1951, 1995), pp. 304–323
R. Penrose, Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994)
S. Shapiro, We hold these truths to be self evident: but what do we mean by that? Rev. Symb. Log. 2, 175–207 (2009)
G. Boolos, Must we believe in set theory? in Logic, Logic, and Logic, ed, by G. Boolos (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998), pp. 120–132
F. Waismann, Lectures on the Philosophy of Mathematics, edited and with an Introduction by W. Grassl (Rodopi, Amsterdam, 1982)
S. Shapiro, Computability, proof, and open-texture, in Church’s Thesis After 70 Years, ed. by A. Olszewski, J. Woleński, R. Janusz (Ontos, Frankfurt, 2006), pp. 420–455
S. Shapiro, The open-texture of computability, in Computability: Gödel, Turing, Church, and Beyond, ed. by J. Copeland, C. Posy, O. Shagrir (The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2013), pp. 153–181
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shapiro, S. (2015). Proving Things About the Informal. In: Sommaruga, G., Strahm, T. (eds) Turing’s Revolution. Birkhäuser, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22156-4_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22156-4_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22155-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22156-4
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)