Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cardiac Spectroscopy

  • Chapter
Basic Principles of Cardiovascular MRI

  • 2394 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter describes an MR technique that can yield information on the metabolism and energy status of the myocardium. MR Spectroscopy (MRS) explores the chemical shift dimension of the MR signal. MR visible nuclei like 1H- and 31P exhibit slightly shifted resonance frequencies depending on the molecular environment. Thus, compounds can be identified from spectra of these chemical shifts. 31P-MRS was the first method used to investigate cellular metabolism in-vivo, using a simple surface coil. This method was soon adapted for the heart and then used in humans. By observing high-energy phosphate metabolites with 31P-MRS in patients with cardiomyopathies a link was shown between heart failure and changes in the levels of phosphocreatine. Creatine compounds can also be observed with more technically accessible 1H-MRS techniques. With 1H-MRS it is also possible to quantify intra-myocellular triglyceride content. These triglycerides are a major fuel for the heart and abnormal levels are linked to obesity and heart failure. A comprehensive but simple description is given on how to acquire and process in-vivo cardiac MRS data in humans. This chapter will focus on 1H-MRS because this is by far the most accessible technique.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ackerman JJ, Grove TH, Wong GG, Gadian DG, Radda GK. Mapping of metabolites in whole animals by 31P NMR using surface coils. Nature. 1980;283(5743):167–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bottomley PA. MR spectroscopy of the human heart: the status and the challenges. Radiology. 1994;191(3):593–612.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lamb HJ, Beyerbacht HP, Ouwerkerk R, Doornbos J, Pluim BM, van der Wall EE, van der Laarse A, de Roos A. Metabolic response of normal human myocardium to high-dose atropine-dobutamine stress studied by 31P-MRS. Circulation. 1997;96(9):2969–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Weiss RG, Gerstenblith G, Bottomley PA. ATP flux through creatine kinase in the normal, stressed, and failing human heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(3):808–13.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bottomley PA, Weiss RG. Non-invasive magnetic-resonance detection of creatine depletion in non-viable infarcted myocardium. Lancet. 1998;351(9104):714–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Nakae I, Mitsunami K, Omura T, Yabe T, Tsutamoto T, Matsuo S, Takahashi M, Morikawa S, Inubushi T, Nakamura Y, Kinoshita M, Horie M. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy can detect creatine depletion associated with the progression of heart failure in cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(9):1587–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Rial B, Robson MD, Neubauer S, Schneider JE. Rapid quantification of myocardial lipid content in humans using single breath-hold 1H MRS at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Med: Off J Soc Magn Reson Med/Soc Magn Reson Med. 2011;66(3):619–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. van der Meer RW, Hammer S, Lamb HJ, Frölich M, Diamant M, Rijzewijk LJ, de Roos A, Romijn JA, Smit JWa. Effects of short-term high-fat, high-energy diet on hepatic and myocardial triglyceride content in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(7):2702–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bilet L, van de Weijer T, Hesselink MKC, Glatz JFC, Lamb HJ, Wildberger J, Kooi ME, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. Exercise-induced modulation of cardiac lipid content in healthy lean young men. Basic Res Cardiol. 2011;106(2):307–15.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. van der Meer RW, Rijzewijk LJ, Diamant M, Hammer S, Schär M, Bax JJ, Smit JWa, Romijn JA, de Roos A, Lamb HJ. The ageing male heart: myocardial triglyceride content as independent predictor of diastolic function. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(12):1516–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Rijzewijk LJ, van der Meer RW, Smit JWa, Diamant M, Bax JJ, Hammer S, Romijn JA, de Roos A, Lamb HJ. Myocardial steatosis is an independent predictor of diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(22):1793–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bottomley PA. Spatial localization in NMR spectroscopy in vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1987;508:333–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Granot J. Selected volume excitation using stimulated echoes (VEST). Applications to spatially localized spectroscopy and imaging. J Magn Reson (1969). 1986;70(3):488–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Frahm J, Merboldt K-D, Hänicke W. Localized proton spectroscopy using stimulated echoes. J Magn Reson (1969). 1987;72(3):502–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fischbach F, Bruhn H. Assessment of in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the liver: a review. Liver Int : Off J Int Assoc Study Liver. 2008;28(3):297–307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Schär M, Kozerke S, Boesiger P. Navigator gating and volume tracking for double-triggered cardiac proton spectroscopy at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Med: Off J Soc Magn Reson Med/Soc Magn Reson Med. 2004;51(6):1091–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gabr RE, Sathyanarayana S, Schär M, Weiss RG, Bottomley PA. On restoring motion-induced signal loss in single-voxel magnetic resonance spectra. Magn Reson Med: Off J Soc Magn Reson Med/Soc Magn Reson Med. 2006;56(4):754–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins RL, Metzger GJ, Sartoni-D’Ambrosia G, Arbique D, Vongpatanasin W, Unger R, Victor RG. Myocardial triglycerides and systolic function in humans: in vivo evaluation by localized proton spectroscopy and cardiac imaging. Magn Reson Med: Off J Soc Magn Reson Med/Soc Magn Reson Med. 2003;49(3):417–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Zijl PM, Moonen CW. Solvent suppression strategies for in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In: Rudin M, editor. In-vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy I: probeheads and radiofrequency pulses spectrum analysis SE – 3, vol. 26. Berlin: Springer; 1992. p. 67–108.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Ogg RJ, Kingsley PB, Taylor JS. WET, a T1- and B1-insensitive water-suppression method for in vivo localized 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson B. 1994;104(1):1–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Naressi A, Couturier C, Devos JM, Janssen M, Mangeat C, de Beer R, Graveron-Demilly D. Java-based graphical user interface for the MRUI quantitation package. MAGMA. 2001;12(2–3):141–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. MRUI home page. http://sermn02.uab.cat/mrui/. Published December, 2009. 2011. [Online]. Available: http://sermn02.uab.cat/mrui/. Accessed 30 June 2011.

  23. Vanhamme L, van den Boogaart A, Van Huffel S. Improved method for accurate and efficient quantification of MRS data with use of prior knowledge. J Magn Reson (San Diego, Calif: 1997). 1997;129(1):35–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Knijn A, Debeer R, Vanormondt D. Frequency-selective quantification in the time domain. J Magn Reson. 1992;97(2):444–50.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bldg. 10-CRC RM 3-5340 MSC 1263, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892-1263, USA

    Ronald Ouwerkerk PhD

Authors
  1. Ronald Ouwerkerk PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ronald Ouwerkerk PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA

    Mushabbar A. Syed

  2. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Subha V. Raman

  3. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Orlando P. Simonetti

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ouwerkerk, R. (2015). Cardiac Spectroscopy. In: Syed, M., Raman, S., Simonetti, O. (eds) Basic Principles of Cardiovascular MRI. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22141-0_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22141-0_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22140-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22141-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation