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Biogas Science and Technology pp 1–40Cite as

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Tools for Biogas Process Analysis, Diagnosis and Control

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Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 151))

Abstract

Many biotechnological processes such as biogas production or defined biotransformations are carried out by microorganisms or tightly cooperating microbial communities. Process breakdown is the maximum credible accident for the operator. Any time savings that can be provided by suitable early-warning systems and allow for specific countermeasures are of great value. Process disturbance, frequently due to nutritional shortcomings, malfunction or operational deficits, is evidenced conventionally by process chemistry parameters. However, knowledge on systems microbiology and its function has essentially increased in the last two decades, and molecular biology tools, most of which are directed against nucleic acids, have been developed to analyze and diagnose the process. Some of these systems have been shown to indicate changes of the process status considerably earlier than the conventionally applied process chemistry parameters. This is reasonable because the triggering catalyst is determined, activity changes of the microbes that perform the reaction. These molecular biology tools have thus the potential to add to and improve the established process diagnosis system. This chapter is dealing with the actual state of the art of biogas process analysis in practice, and introduces molecular biology tools that have been shown to be of particular value in complementing the current systems of process monitoring and diagnosis, with emphasis on nucleic acid targeted molecular biology systems.

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Abbreviations

BB:

Bead-beating

BMP:

Biological/biochemical methane potential

BLAST:

Basic local alignment search tool

Bp:

Base pair(s)

cDNA:

Complementary DNA (transcribed from RNA species)

CLSM:

Confocal laser scanning microscopy

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DGGE:

Denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

LCB:

Lignocellulosic biomass

LM:

Light microscopy

MQ:

Metabolic quotient

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

NA:

Nucleic acid(s)

NGS:

Next generation sequencing

OLR:

Organic loading rate

PC(o)A:

Principal coordinate/Principal component analysis

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PSM:

Process simulation model

qPCR:

Quantitative Real-Time PCR

rDNA:

Ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

rRNA:

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid

RT:

Reverse transcription

SCFA:

Short-chain fatty acid(s) or also VFA

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SMA:

Specific methanogenic activity

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TGGE:

Temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis

TVA/TIC:

Total volatile acids/total inorganic carbon

VFA:

Volatile fatty acids

VOA:

Volatile organic acids

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Lange Point 6, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Michael Lebuhn & Bernhard Munk

  2. Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Stefan Weiß

  3. Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, BOKU Vienna—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, A-3430, Tulln, Austria

    Georg M. Guebitz

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  1. Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, BOKU Vienna - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln , Austria

    Georg M. Guebitz

  2. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, BOKU Vienna - University of Natural Resources and Life, Tulln, Austria

    Alexander Bauer

  3. Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, BOKU Vienna - University of Natural Resources and Life, Tulln, Austria

    Guenther Bochmann

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    Andreas Gronauer

  5. Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, BOKU Vienna - University of Natural Resources and Life, Tulln, Austria

    Stefan Weiss

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Lebuhn, M., Weiß, S., Munk, B., Guebitz, G.M. (2015). Microbiology and Molecular Biology Tools for Biogas Process Analysis, Diagnosis and Control. In: Guebitz, G., Bauer, A., Bochmann, G., Gronauer, A., Weiss, S. (eds) Biogas Science and Technology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 151. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21993-6_1

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