Abstract
Local knowledge consists of culturally situated action-oriented cognition that responds to constantly changing social and natural environments. The kernel of local knowledge is a specific combination of cunning cognition plus performance that might be regarded as a human universal. A methodological problem of research on local knowledge is that the most frequently used techniques are as idiosyncratic as the knowledge itself seems to be. The possibility of a truly comparative analysis of knowledge data from local settings is often dismissed prematurely. Empirical study of local knowledge therefore calls for the systematic collection of qualitative data on emics. The challenge is to develop locally adapted methods that facilitate comparative analysis. The simple cognitive methods proposed by the author are suited to local settings and local cultural standards and could lead to compilation of a database capable of identifying shared, even universal aspects within the broad spectrum of local knowledges.
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Notes
- 1.
Many underpaid academics in Southeast Asia n countries, for example, have an intricate knowledge about the ideals and procedures of northern nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). In Indonesia they use it to acquire money from these sources or to establish their own NGOs (Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat [LSM] in Bahasa Indonesia), often as an income-generating device.
- 2.
The following works from different disciplinary backgrounds have informed my understanding of the general characteristics of local knowledge, mostly Atran and Medin (2008); Barth (1995); Berkes (2012); Crick (1982); DeWalt (1994); Ellen and Harris (2000); Friedberg (1999); Geertz (1983); Harrison (1995); Hutchins (1996); Lambek (1993); Lave (1993, 1996); Lindblom (1959); Malinowski (1948); Nader (1996); Nazarea (1999); Nygren (1999); Pasquale et al. (1998); Schareika (2004); Scott (1998); Sillitoe (1998a, b); Strauss and Quinn (1997); Tambiah (1990); and Worsley (1997).
- 3.
The research was a case study of everyday rationality, especially of decision-making on intraurban residential moves, in Makassar (formerly Ujung Pandang), the multiethnic capital city of South Sulawesi, Indonesia . The fieldwork took place over 1 year (1991–1992) and in subsequent, almost annual visits (between 1992 and 2010) to that regional metropolis of 1.3 million people. For the main results see Antweiler (2000, 2002).
- 4.
See Bernard and Ryan (2009) for an exceptional handbook on systematic analysis of qualitative data, combining reflection, hands-on-information, and many examples of ways to combine elicitation techniques with appropriate techniques of analysis (e.g., schema analysis, sequential analysis, analytic induction, and grounded theory).
- 5.
Anthropac is especially suited for the analysis of cultural domains and offers other analytic tools as well (e.g., for consensus analysis). Anthropac 4.98 and all manuals can be downloaded for free. Retrieved July 31, 2013, from http://www.analytictech.com/anthropac/anthropac.htm
- 6.
For the latter two resources see http://www.openrepgrid.uni-bremen.de/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page and http://elementsandconstructs.de/de/products/scivesco/scivescoweb (both retrieved July 31, 2013).
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Antweiler, C. (2016). Local Knowledge as a Universal Social Product: A General Model and a Case from Southeast Asia. In: Meusburger, P., Freytag, T., Suarsana, L. (eds) Ethnic and Cultural Dimensions of Knowledge. Knowledge and Space, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21900-4_8
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