Abstract
Choosing proper access for parenteral nutrition requires an understanding of vascular anatomy as well as the various types of catheters. But it also requires an understanding of how location can impact on complicatoin rates. The most common complications of parenteral nutrition include mechanical (eg pneumothorax, bleeding, or venous thrombosis), infections (eg central line associated blood stream infection), and metabolic (eg refeeding syndrome, hyperglycemia.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Spencer CT, Compher CW. Total parenteral nutrition, an ally in the management of patients with intestinal failure and malnutrition: a long-term view. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2003;27(5):374–81. PubMed.
Mirtallo J, Canada T, Johnson D, Kumpf V, Petersen C, Sacks G, et al. Safe practices for parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2004;28(6):S39–70. Erratum in: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(2):177. PubMed.
Steiger E. Home parenteral nutrition. Components, application, and complications. Postgrad Med. 1984;75(6):95–102.
Buchman AL. Complications of long-term home total parenteral nutrition their identification, prevention and treatment. Dig Dis Sci. 2001;46:1–18.
Dudrick SJ, Palesty JA. Historical highlights of the development of total parenteral nutrition. Surg Clin North Am. 2011;91(3):693–717.
Kumpf VJ, Tillman EM. Home parenteral nutrition: safe transition from hospital to home. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27(6):749–57. doi:10.1177/0884533612464888. Epub 2012 Oct 22. Review. PubMed.
Scolapio JS, Fleming CR, Kelly DG, Wick DM, Zinsmeister AR. Survival of home parenteral nutrition-treated patients: 20 years of experience at the Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999;74:217–22.
Montalvo-Jave EE, Zarraga JL, Sarr MG. Specific topics and complications of parenteral nutrition. Arch Surg. 2007;392:119–26.
Schloerb PR. TPN or intravenous food poisoning? Nutrition. 2001;17(7–8):680–1.
Dudrick SJ, Wilmore DW, Vars HM, Rhoads JE. Long-term total parenteral nutrition with growth, development, and positive nitrogen balance. Surgery. 1968;64(1):134–42. PubMed.
Macht SD. Three hundred years of parenteral nutrition: the history of intravenous nutritional therapy. Conn Med. 1980;44(1):27–30. PubMed.
Dudrick SJ, Pimiento JM. Parenteral nutrition and nutritional support of surgical patients: reflections, controversies and challenges. Surg Clin North Am. 2011;91(3):675–92.
Dudrick SJ. A three and one-half decade nutritional and metabolic iliad. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;205:S59–64.
Cuthbertson D. Historical background to parenteral nutrition. Acta Chir Scand. 1980;498(Suppl):20–5.
Asch MR. Venous access: options, approaches, and issues. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2001;52:153–64.
Segarra-Newnham M, Martin-Cooper EM. Antibiotic lock technique: a review of the literature. Ann Pharmacother. 2005;39(2):311–8. Epub 2004 Dec 28. Review. PubMed.
Bestul MB, Vandenbussche HL. Antibiotic lock technique: review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25(2):211–27. Review. PubMed.
Sansivero GE. Venous anatomy and physiology. Considerations for vascular access device placement and function. J Intraven Nurs. 1998;21(5 Suppl):S107–14. Review. PubMed.
Sansivero GE. Features and selection of vascular access devices. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2010;26(2):88–101. doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2010.02.006. Review. PubMed.
Pettit J. Assessment of infants with peripherally inserted central catheters: part 1. Detecting the most frequently occurring complications. Adv Neonatal Care. 2002;2(6):304–15. PubMed PMID: 12881943 Review.
Vanek VW. The ins and outs of venous access: part I. Nutr Clin Pract. 2002;17(2):85–98. PubMed.
Lum PS, Soski M. Management of malpositioned central venous catheters. J Intraven Nurs. 1989;12(6):356–65. PubMed.
Moran BJ. Access methods in nutritional support. Proc Nutr Soc. 1994;53(3):465–71.
Meguid MM, Eldar S, Wahba A. The delivery of nutritional support. A potpourri of new devices and methods. Cancer. 1985;55(1 Suppl):279–89. Review. PubMed.
Gil ME, Mateu J. Treatment of extravasation from parenteral nutrition solution. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32(1):51–5. PubMed.
Maki DG, Ringer M. Risk factors for infusion-related phlebitis with small peripheral venous catheters. A randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114(10):845–54. PubMed.
Rosenthal K. Are you up-to-date with the infusion nursing standards? Nursing. 2007;37(7):15. PubMed.
Boyd S, Aggarwal I, Davey P, Logan M, Nathwani D. Peripheral intravenous catheters: the road to quality improvement and safer patient care. J Hosp Infect. 2011;77(1):37–41. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2010.09.011. Epub 2010 Dec 3. PubMed.
Harden JL, Kemp L, Mirtallo J. Femoral catheters increase risk of infection in total parenteral nutrition patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 1995;10(2):60–6. Review. PubMed.
O’Grady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, Dellinger EP, Garland J, Heard SO, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Am J Infect Control. 2011;39(4 Suppl 1):S1–34. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2011.01.003. PubMed.
Timsit JF. What is the best site for central venous catheter insertion in critically ill patients? Crit Care. 2003;7(6):397–9. Epub 2003 Mar 28.
Ingle RJ. Rare complications of vascular access devices. Semin Oncol Nurs. 1995;11:184–93.
Grant J. Recognition, prevention, and treatment of home total parenteral nutrition central venous access complications. JPEN. 2002;26(Suppl):21–8.
Timsit JF, L’Hériteau F, Lepape A, Francais A, Ruckly S, Venier AG, et al. A multicentre analysis of catheter-related infection based on a hierarchical model. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(10):1662–72. Epub 2012 Jul 14. PubMed.
Ghabril MS, Aranda-Michel J, Scolapio JS. Metabolic and catheter complications of parenteral nutrition. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2004;6:327–34.
Nakazawa N. Infectious and thrombotic complications of central venous catheters. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2010;26(2):121–31. doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2010.02.007. Review. PubMed.
Hemphill DJ, Sniderman KW, Allard JP. Management of total parenteral nutrition-related superior vena cava obstruction with expandable metal stents. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1996;20(3):222–7. PubMed.
Raad II, Luna M, Khalil SA, Costerton JW, Lam C, Bodey GP. The relationship between the thrombotic and infectious complications of central venous catheters. JAMA. 1994;271(13):1014–6. PubMed.
Sandstedt S, Heselvik F, Marklund T, Stenport G. Percutaneous, tunneled silicone elastomer central venous catheters for TPN: low sepsis and thrombosis rate. A prospective study of 325 catheters. Nutrition. 1989;5:23–6.
Timsit JF, Farkas JC, Boyer JM, Martin JB, Misset B, Renaud B, et al. Central vein catheter-related thrombosis in intensive care patients: incidence, risks factors, and relationship with catheter-related sepsis. Chest. 1998;114(1):207–13. PubMed.
Eastridge BJ, Lefor AT. Complications of indwelling venous access devices in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:233–8.
Buchman AL, Misra S, Moukarzel A, Ament ME. Catheter thrombosis and superior/inferior vena cava syndrome are rare complications of long term parenteral nutrition. Clin Nutr. 1994;13:356–60.
Mustafa S, Stein PD, Patel KC, Otten TR, Holmes R, Silbergleit A. Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis. Chest. 2003;123:1953–6.
Vanek VW. The ins and outs of venous access: part II. Nutr Clin Pract. 2002;17(3):142–55. PubMed.
Hoshal Jr VL. Total intravenous nutrition with peripherally inserted silicone elastomer central venous catheters. Arch Surg. 1975;110(5):644–6. PubMed.
Smith JR, Friedell ML, Cheatham ML, Martin SP, Cohen MJ, Horowitz JD. Peripherally inserted central catheters revisited. Am J Surg. 1998;176:208–11.
Ng PK, Ault MJ, Maldonado LS. Peripherally inserted central catheters in general medicine. Mayo Clin Proc. 1997;72:225–33.
Duerksen DR, Papineau N, Siemens J, Yaffe C. Peripherally inserted central catheters for parenteral nutrition: a comparison with centrally inserted catheters. JPEN. 1999;23:85–9.
Broviac JW, Cole JJ, Scribner BH. A silicone rubber atrial catheter for prolonged parenteral alimentation. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1973;136:602–6.
Hickmann RO, Buckner CD, Clift RA, Sanders JE, Stewart P, Thomas ED. A modified right atrial catheter for access to the venous system in marrow transplant recipients. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1979;148:871–5.
Rumsey KA, Richardson DK. Management of infection and occlusion associated with vascular access devices. Semin Oncol Nurs. 1995;11:17483.
Prandoni P, Polistena P, Bernandi E, Cogo A, Casara D, Verlato F, et al. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis. Risk factors, diagnosis, and complications. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:57–62.
Atiken DR, Minton JP. The “pinch-off sign”: a warning of impending problems with permanent subclavian catheters. Am Surg. 1984;148:633–6.
Krzywda EA, Andris DA, Edmiston CE. Catheter infections: diagnosis, etiology, treatment and prevention. NCP. 1999;14(4):178–90.
Cowl CT, Weinstock JV, Al-Jurf A, Ephgrave K, Murray JA, Dillon K. Complications and cost associated with parenteral nutrition delivered to hospitalized patients through either subclavian or peripherally-inserted central catheters. Clin Nutr. 2000;19:237–43.
Pronovost PJ, Goeschel CA, Colantuoni E, Watson S, Lubomski LH, Berenholtz SM, et al. Sustaining reductions in catheter related bloodstream infections in Michigan intensive care units: observational study. BMJ. 2010;340:c309. doi:10.1136/bmj.c309. PubMed PMID: 20133365; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2816728.
Ytang VC, Morsey MA, Chemla ES. Using arteriovascular fistulae as a dual access for hemodialysis and total parenteral nutrition administration is feasible with a good outcome: a case series. J Vasc Access. 2007;8:305–8.
Madeo M, Lowry L. Infection rates associated with total parenteral nutrition. J Hosp Infect. 2011;79(4):373–4. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2011.08.012. Epub 2011 Sep 29. PubMed.
Stratov I, Gottlieb T, Bradbury R, O’Kane GM. Candidaemia in an Australian teaching hospital: relationship to central line and TPN use. J Infect. 1998;36(2):203–7. PubMed.
Niederhuber JE, Ensminger W, Gyves JW, Liepman M, Doan K, Cozzi E. Totally implanted venous and arterial access system to replace external catheters in cancer treatment. Surgery. 1982;92:706–12.
Lammermeier D, Steiger E, Cosgrove D, Zelch M. Use of an intercostal vein for central venous access in home parenteral nutrition: a case report. JPEN. 1986;10:659–61.
Nirula R, Yamada K, Waxman K. The effect of abrupt cessation of total parenteral nutrition on serum glucose: a randomized trial. Am Surg. 2000;66:866–9.
Crook MA. Lipid clearance and total parenteral nutrition: the importance of monitoring plasma lipids. Nutrition. 2000;16:774–5.
Peden VH, Witzleben CL, Skelton MA. Total parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr. 1971;78(1):180–1.
Luman W, Shaffer H. Prevalence, outcome, and associated factors of deranged liver function tests in patients on home parenteral nutrition. Clin Nutr. 2002;21:337–43.
Cavichi M, Beau P, Crenn P, Degott C, Messing B. Prevalence of liver disease and contributing factors in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition for permanent intestinal failure. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:525–32.
Fryer J, Pellar S, Ormond D, et al. Mortality in candidates waiting for combined liver-intestine transplants exceeds that for other candidates waiting for liver transplants. Liver Transpl. 2003;9:748–53.
Klein GL, Targoff CM, Ament ME, Sherrard DJ, Bluestone R, Young JH, et al. Bone disease associated with total parenteral nutrition. Lancet. 1980;2:1041–4.
Shike M, Harrison JE, Sturtridge WC, Tam CS, Bobechko PE, Jones G, et al. Metabolic bone disease in patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92(3):343–50.
Seidner DL. Parenteral nutrition-associated metabolic bone disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2002;26(5 Suppl):S37–42. Review. PubMed.
Pironi I, Labate AM, Pertkiewicz M, Przedlacki J, Tjellesen L, Staun M, et al. Prevalence of bone disease in patients on home parenteral nutrition. Clin Nutr. 2002;49:497–500.
Buchman AL, Moukarzel A, Ament ME, Gornbein J, Goodson B, Carlson C, et al. Serious renal impairment is associated with long-term parenteral nutrition. JPEN. 1993;17:438–44.
Crook MA, Hally V, Panteli JV. The importance of the refeeding syndrome. Nutrition. 2001;17:632–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Neel, D.R. (2016). Access and Complications of Parenteral Nutrition. In: Seres, D., Van Way, III, C. (eds) Nutrition Support for the Critically Ill. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21831-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21831-1_7
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21830-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21831-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)