Abstract
The stress-strain behavior of a material at intermediate strain rates (between 5/s and 500/s) is important for characterizing dynamic deformation events. A material’s mechanical behavior can be strain rate dependent; calibrating constitutive models at actual strain rates of interest are essential for high fidelity simulations. Strain rates below 5/s are easily accomplished with conventional electro-mechanical or servo-hydraulic load frames. Strain rates above 500/s are typically performed with the split Kolsky/Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) and other devices depending upon the strain rate. The intermediate strain rate regime is a difficult test regime in which researchers have tried to extend the use of specially instrumented servo-hydraulic load frames or very long Hopkinson bars. We describe a novel design of a serpentine Hopkinson transmitted bar that allows for accurate and robust load acquisition in the intermediate strain rate regime. This design produces repeatable stress-strain results without the stress oscillations typical of a specially instrumented servo-hydraulic load frame and produces data for a longer test time than a conventional Kolsky/Hopkinson bar of the same length.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
U.S. Lindholm, High Strain Rate Testing, Part 1: Measurement of Mechanical Properties, in Techniques of Metals Research, ed. by R.F. Bunshah, vol. 5 (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1971), pp. 199–271
P. Follansbee, “The split Hopkinson bar,” Mechanical Testing, 8, 9th ed., vol 198 (ASM International, Brook Park, 1985). p. 203
H. Kolsky, An investigation of the mechanical properties of materials at very high rates of loading. Proc. Phys. Soc. B 62(11), 676–700 (1949)
H. Zhao, G. Gary, On the use of SHPB techniques to determine the dynamic behavior of materials in the range of small strains. Int. J. Solids Struct. 33(23), 3363–3375 (1996)
G.T.I. Gray, in Methods in Materials Research, ed. by E. Kaufmann. High-Strain-Rate Testing of Materials: The Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar, (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999)
T. Nicholas, Tensile testing of materials at high rates of strain. Exp. Mech. 21(5), 177–185 (1981)
B. Song, C.J. Syn, C.L. Grupido, W. Chen, W.-Y. Lu, A long split hopkinson pressure bar (LSHPB) for intermediate-rate characterization of soft materials. Exp. Mech. 48(6), 809–815 (2007)
A. Gilat, T.A. Matrka, A new compression intermediate strain rate testing apparatus. EPJ Web Conf. 6, 39002 (2010)
H. Zhao, G. Gary, A new method for the separation of waves. Application to the SHPB technique for an unlimited duration of measurement. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 45(7), 1185–1202 (Jul. 1997)
J. Shim, D. Mohr, Using split Hopkinson pressure bars to perform large strain compression tests on polyurea at low, intermediate and high strain rates. Int. J. Impact Eng. 36(9), 1116–1127 (Sep. 2009)
M. Borsutzki, D. Cornette, Y. Kuriyama, A. Uenishi, B. Yan, and E. Opbroek, “Recommendations for dynamic tensile testing of sheet steels. Intern. Iron Steel Inst. (2005).
D. Zhu, B. Mobasher, S.D. Rajan, P. Peralta, Characterization of dynamic tensile testing using aluminum alloy 6061-T6 at intermediate strain rates. J. Eng. Mech. 137(10), 669–679 (Mar. 2011)
R. Bardenheier, G. Rogers, Dynamic impact testing with servohydraulic testing machines. J. Phys. IV (Proceedings) 134, 693–699 (2006)
H. Huh, J.H. Lim, S.H. Park, High speed tensile test of steel sheets for the stress-strain curve at the intermediate strain rate. Int. J. Automot. Technol. 10(2), 195–204 (2009)
W.R. Whittington, A.L. Oppedal, D.K. Francis, M.F. Horstemeyer, A novel intermediate strain rate testing device: the serpentine transmitted bar. Int. J. Impact Eng. (2015) doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.02.009
S. Nemat-Nasser, J.B. Isaacs, J.E. Starrett, Hopkinson techniques for dynamic recovery experiments. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys. Sci. 435(1894), 371–391 (1991)
H. Agarwal, A.M. Gokhale, S. Graham, M.F. Horstemeyer, Anisotropy of intermetallic particle cracking damage evolution in an Al-Mg-Si base wrought aluminum alloy under uniaxial compression. Metallurgical Mater. Trans. A 33(11), 3443–3448 (2002)
M.T. Tucker, M.F. Horstemeyer, W.R. Whittington, K.N. Solanki, P.M. Gullett, The effect of varying strain rates and stress states on the plasticity, damage, and fracture of aluminum alloys. Mech. Mater. 42(10), 895–907 (2010)
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS) at Mississippi State University for supporting this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Whittington, W.R., Oppedal, A.L., Francis, D.K., Horstemeyer, M.F. (2016). Robust Intermediate Strain Rate Experimentation Using the Serpentine Transmitted Bar. In: Bossuyt, S., Schajer, G., Carpinteri, A. (eds) Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems, Volume 9. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21765-9_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21765-9_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21764-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21765-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)