Abstract
Since historical times world civilization has strived to develop being in a continuous quest for vital resources. Crises and declines of societies have alternated with periods of fruitful development. The world populations have reshaped continuously conquering more territories and developing knowledge and technologies. At any times along the history, humans have strived not only to accommodate with the environment but also to reshape the environment to better suit their needs. This is how human settlements have occurred and further developed over time in towns, cities, countries, and geopolitical regions. Transportation of goods and peoples played a crucial role in all historical times. As the population grows in about an exponential rate as the transportation technology develops. It is projected that by 2050, the world population will reach about 10 billions of inhabitants. Naturally, a modern transportation sector with clean options strives to develop in this context.
Keywords
- Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
- Sustainability Assessment
- Transportation Sector
- Exergy Efficiency
- High Heating Value
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dincer, I., Hogerwaard, J., Zamfirescu, C. (2016). Introduction. In: Clean Rail Transportation Options. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21726-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21726-0_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21725-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21726-0
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)