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The Structural Determinants of the Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloid Aggregation

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Physical Biology of Proteins and Peptides

Abstract

The extracellular deposition of a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain (LC) as insoluble fibrillar aggregates is the cause of the primary systemic amyloidosis, also known as light chain-derived (AL) amyloidosis. In this chapter the structural factors determining the potential of the LC to aggregate into amyloid fibrils are analyzed. In the first two sections, the relationship between protein aggregation and disease, as well as the causes and characteristics of the human amyloidoses are discussed. The role of protein misfolding in the fibril assembly pathway and the structural bases of the amyloid fibrils stability are also addressed. Then, the chapter focuses on the molecular causes of the amyloid aggregation of LC. The contribution of the somatic mutations and the identity of the variable gene segment encoding the LC to the propensity to form amyloid fibrils are discussed. The chapter summarizes the experimental evidence supporting the role of partially folded intermediates in the mechanism of AL fibril assembly, as well as the modulatory effect played by the variable region gene sequence on the aggregation behavior of the LC. Finally, the results of a recent study aimed to identify fibrillogenic regions in the λ6 recombinant variable domain protein 6aJL2 are presented.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported in part by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (No. 169659) to L. del Pozo-Yauner.

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  1. Laboratorio de Estructura de Proteínas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, México, D.F. 14616, Mexico

    Luis Del Pozo-Yauner, Adrián Ochoa-Leyva & Julio Isael Pérez Carrión

  2. Instituto de Biotecnología UNAM, Cuernavaca, Mexico

    Baltazar Becerril, Guadalupe Zavala-Padilla & Rosana Sánchez-López

  3. Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, IPN, Yautepec, Mexico

    Sandra Leticia Rodríguez-Ambriz

  4. Facultad de Medicina UNAM, México, Mexico

    Daniel Alejandro Fernández Velasco

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  1. Luis Del Pozo-Yauner
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Correspondence to Luis Del Pozo-Yauner .

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  1. Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico

    Luis Olivares-Quiroz

  2. (Iztapalapa), Autonomous Metropolitan University, Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico

    Orlando Guzmán-López

  3. (Lerma), Lerma de Villada, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Mexico City, Estado de México, Mexico

    Hector Eduardo Jardón-Valadez

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Del Pozo-Yauner, L. et al. (2015). The Structural Determinants of the Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloid Aggregation. In: Olivares-Quiroz, L., Guzmán-López, O., Jardón-Valadez, H. (eds) Physical Biology of Proteins and Peptides. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21687-4_1

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