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Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment Approach

  • Chapter
International Manual of Oncology Practice

Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the world. There are many risk factors for lung cancer including tobacco smoking, chronic lung disease, race and ethnicity, occupational carcinogen exposure, diet and genetic factors. Until now there have been no effective modalities for the early detection of lung cancer. The National Cancer Institute recently released results from its National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) which showed that low dose CT scans compared to chest x-rays can reduce lung cancer mortality by 20 %. For accurate lung cancer staging, multi-modality approaches are used such as positron emission tomography (PET) scan, computed tomography (CT) scan, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) biopsy or mediastinoscope biopsy of mediastinal lymph node, pleural tapping procedure, or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Multi-modality methods have a vital role in lung cancer treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Anatomical resection and systematic lymphadenectomy is the treatment of choice for early stage lung cancer. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is utilized for resectable N2 disease or adjuvant chemotherapy for pathological N2 disease and unresectable advanced disease. Targeted therapies have already been proven as highly effective and less toxic therapies for positive molecular testing in advanced disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. General Thoracic Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Apichat Tantraworasin M.D., Ph.D. & Somcharoen Saeteng M.D.

  2. Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Thatthan Suksomboonchroen M.D. & Busayamas Chewaskulyong M.D.

  3. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Yutthaphan Wannasopha M.D. & Juntima Euathrongchit M.D.

  4. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Sarawut Kongkarnka M.D. & Nirush Lertprasertsuke M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Apichat Tantraworasin M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Apichat Tantraworasin M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Ramon Andrade de Mello

  2. edificio 7, ala nascente, 3º andar, University of Algarve, Dept Cie Biomed edificio 7, ala nascente, 3º andar, Faro, Portugal

    Álvaro Tavares

  3. Medical Oncology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Giannis Mountzios

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Tantraworasin, A. et al. (2015). Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment Approach. In: de Mello, R., Tavares, Á., Mountzios, G. (eds) International Manual of Oncology Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21683-6_7

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