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Predictors of Oncologic Outcomes After Treatment of Urothelial Cancer

  • Chapter
International Manual of Oncology Practice

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Abstract

Despite modern advances in surgical procedures, morbidity and mortality rates remain unsatisfactory for patients treated for bladder cancer (BC) or upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC). Conventional prognostic tools such as tumor grade, stage, and lymph node involvement are important predictors of oncologic outcomes, but additional prognostic factors have been established in recent years and may lead to improved treatment decision-making and oncologic outcomes for patients with BC or UTUC. The integration of several clinico-pathological and molecular biomarkers into multivariable prognostic models or nomograms has been shown to provide more accurate prognoses than grade and stage alone in patients with UC. In this chapter, we review the current prognostic factors for BC and UTUC, giving particular attention to clinico-pathological factors shown to be independent predictors of oncologic outcomes.

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Abbreviations

BC:

Bladder cancer

BCG:

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

BCRC:

Bladder cancer research consortium

BMI:

Body mass index

CIS:

Carcinoma in situ

CSS:

Cancer-specific survival

DFS:

Disease-free survival

IBCC:

International bladder cancer consortium

LN:

Lymph node

LND:

Lymph node dissection

LVI:

Lympho-vascular invasion

RC:

Radical cystectomy

RNU:

Radical nephroureterectomy

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

TCC:

Transitional cell carcinoma

TUR:

Transurethral resection

UTUC:

Upper tract urothelial cancer

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University of California - Irvine, 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 2100, Orange, CA, 92868, USA

    Kyle Spradling & Ramy F. Youssef M.D.

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  1. Kyle Spradling
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  2. Ramy F. Youssef M.D.
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Correspondence to Ramy F. Youssef M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Ramon Andrade de Mello

  2. edificio 7, ala nascente, 3º andar, University of Algarve, Dept Cie Biomed edificio 7, ala nascente, 3º andar, Faro, Portugal

    Álvaro Tavares

  3. Medical Oncology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Giannis Mountzios

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Spradling, K., Youssef, R.F. (2015). Predictors of Oncologic Outcomes After Treatment of Urothelial Cancer. In: de Mello, R., Tavares, Á., Mountzios, G. (eds) International Manual of Oncology Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21683-6_24

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