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Ovarian Cancer

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International Manual of Oncology Practice

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Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ovarian neoplasms according to their histological differentiation, namely epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, and sex cord-stromal cell tumors [1]. Epithelial ovarian tumor represents the largest group, accounting for 91 % of malignant cases. Serous carcinoma is the most common epithelial subtype [2]. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is now recognized as a heterogeneous disease and is divided according to histologic subtypes: high-grade serous, low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous, and Brenner carcinoma. Each histologic subtype is associated with distinct histologic features, molecular genetics, and clinical behavior. The etiology of EOC remains unclear [3]. Several factors, including genetic, reproductive, hormonal, and behavioral factors have been suggested to increase the risk for ovarian cancer. Genetic factors have the strongest and most consistent association with increased risk of EOC. At least 10 % of all EOC are reported to be hereditary, with the majority (about 80 %) of these related to mutations in BRCA genes and 10 % related to mutations associated with the Lynch syndrome [4]. Currently, the standard treatment of ovarian cancer includes cytoreductive surgery and combination chemotherapy with a platinum-doublet. This approach yields a 5-year overall survival, all stages combined, of 44 % [2]. The main reason for poor outcome is the advanced stage at diagnosis. Patients diagnosed at early stages have a 75 % chance of cure. This article will not focus on the screening for ovarian cancer. For a discussion of ovarian cancer screening see Menon et al.[5].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, 315 Rajhavitee RD, Bangkok, Thailand, 10400

    Kristsanamon Rittiluechai

  2. Department of Hematology Oncology, The University of Vermont Cancer Center, Health Science Research Facility, 89 Beaumont Ave., Burlington, VT, 05405, USA

    Yongli Ji & Claire Verschraegen M.D.

  3. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Vermont Cancer Center, Health Science Research Facility, 89 Beaumont Ave., Burlington, VT, 05405, USA

    Karen Lounsbury & Alan Howe

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  1. Kristsanamon Rittiluechai
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  2. Yongli Ji
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  3. Karen Lounsbury
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  4. Alan Howe
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  5. Claire Verschraegen M.D.
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Correspondence to Claire Verschraegen M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Ramon Andrade de Mello

  2. edificio 7, ala nascente, 3º andar, University of Algarve, Dept Cie Biomed edificio 7, ala nascente, 3º andar, Faro, Portugal

    Álvaro Tavares

  3. Medical Oncology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Giannis Mountzios

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Rittiluechai, K., Ji, Y., Lounsbury, K., Howe, A., Verschraegen, C. (2015). Ovarian Cancer. In: de Mello, R., Tavares, Á., Mountzios, G. (eds) International Manual of Oncology Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21683-6_18

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