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CPAP Device Therapy for Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: Key Technical Topics and Clinical Implications

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Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation

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Abstract

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) entails delivering to the opening of the airways, by an external interface or an endotracheal tube, a positive (over-atmospheric) pressure, continuously, during both expiration and inspiration. Although CPAP cannot literally be defined as a noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) technique, it is often, but not always, noninvasive; it is sometimes mechanically generated, but there are many simpler ways to perform it; and it cannot strictly be considered “ventilation,” because, even if in specific cases CPAP is able to increase alveolar ventilation, it cannot perform any work of breathing (WB).

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Abbreviations

AA:

Acute asthma

ABG:

Arterial blood gas analysis

ACPE:

Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema

AHRF:

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

ARDS:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

ARF:

Acute respiratory failure

CHF:

Chronic heart failure

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CPAP:

Continuous positive airway pressure

DNI:

Do not intubate

ED:

Emergency department

FEV1 :

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second

FiO2 :

Fraction of inspired oxygen

FRC:

Functional residual capacity

HMDU:

High medical dependency unit

ICU:

Intensive care unit

IMV:

Invasive mechanical ventilation

NCPAP:

Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure

NIMV:

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation

NPPV:

Noninvasive double-level positive pressure ventilation

OOH:

Out of hospital

OSAS:

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

PaO2 :

Arterial oxygen pressure

PEEP:

Positive end-expiratory pressure

RCCT:

Randomized controlled clinical trial

RR:

Respiratory rate

SO2T:

Standard oxygen therapy

SpO2 :

Oxygen saturation

TI:

Tracheal intubation

VPM:

Ventilation / perfusion mismatch

WB:

Work of breathing

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medicina d’Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso, Policlinico Sant’Orsola – Malpighi, Dipartimento dell’Emergenza – Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliero – Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni, 10, Bologna, 40138, Italy

    Rodolfo Ferrari MD

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  1. Rodolfo Ferrari MD
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Correspondence to Rodolfo Ferrari MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Murcia, Spain

    Antonio M. Esquinas

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Ferrari, R. (2016). CPAP Device Therapy for Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: Key Technical Topics and Clinical Implications. In: Esquinas, A. (eds) Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21653-9_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21653-9_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21652-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21653-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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