Abstract
Prostate cancer is the leading malignancy in men and its accurate localization is of crucial importance for appropriate treatment selection. The evolution of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was the breakthrough for early detection and allowed new minimal invasive treatment modalities to evolve. Since the original application of TRUS by Holm, technological advancements substantially refined the quality of gray-scale and color (Doppler) imaging. Recently a new form of ultrasound extension called real time elastography has successfully been integrated into clinical practice. Elastography is based on palpation, one of the oldest principles of medicine and it gives information about the elasticity or stiffness of the tissues compared to the surrounding areas. Even though early impressions of this modality were promising, its efficacy has not been compared to the pathologic results obtained by a transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy, a form of extended biopsy that is considered today the most accurate method of constant, uniform sampling of the prostate gland.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hodge KK, McNeal JE, Stamey TA. Ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the palpably abnormal prostate. J Urol. 1989;142(1):66–70.
Chon CH, Lai FC, McNeal JE, Presti Jr JC. Use of extended systematic sampling in patients with a prior negative prostate needle biopsy. J Urol. 2002;167(6):2457–60.
Meng MV, Franks JH, Presti Jr JC, Shinohara K. The utility of apical anterior horn biopsies in prostate cancer detection. Urol Oncol. 2003;21(5):361–5.
Merrick GS, Gutman S, Andreini H, Taubenlag W, et al. Prostate cancer distribution in patients diagnosed by transperineal template-guided saturation biopsy. Eur Urol. 2007;52(3):723–4.
Pinkstaff DM, Igel TC, Petrou SP, Broderick GA, Wehle MJ, Young PR. Systematic transperineal ultrasound-guided template biopsy of the prostate: three-year experience. Urology. 2005;65(4):735–9.
Dimmen M, Vlatkovic L, Hole KH, Nesland JM, Brennhovd B, et al. Transperineal prostate biopsy detects significant cancer in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and previous negative transrectal biopsies. BJU Int. 2012;110:E69.
Epstein JI, Sanderson H, Carter HB, Scharfstein DO. Utility of saturation biopsy to predict insignificant cancer at radical prostatectomy. Urology. 2005;66(2):356–60.
Nafie S, Mellon JK, Dormer JP, Khan MA. The role of transperineal template prostate biopsies in prostate cancer diagnosis in biopsy naïve men with PSA less than 20ng/ml. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2014;17(2):170–3.
Grummet JP, Weerakoon M, Huang S, Lawrentschuk N, Frydenberg M, Moon DA, O’Reilly M, Murphy D. Sepsis and ‘superbugs’: should we favour the transperineal over the transrectal approach for prostate biopsy? BJU Int. 2014;114(3):384–8.
Ayres BE, Montgomery BS, Barber NJ, Pereira N, Langley SE, Denham P, Bott SR. The role of transperineal template prostate biopsies in restaging men with prostate cancer managed by active surveillance. BJU Int. 2012;109(8):1170–6.
Onik G, Miessau M, Bostwick DG. Three-dimensional prostate mapping biopsy has a potentially significant impact on prostate cancer management. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(26):4321–6.
Salomon G, Kollerman J, Thederan I, et al. Evaluation of prostate cancer detection with ultrasound real-time elastography: a comparison with step section pathological analysis after radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 2008;54:1354–62.
Pallwein L, Mitterberger M, Struve P, et al. Real-time elastography for detecting prostate cancer: preliminary experience. BJU Int. 2007;100:42–6.
Brock M, von Bodman C, Sommerer F, et al. Comparison of real-time elastography with grey-scale ultrasonography for detection of organ-confined prostate cancer and extra capsular extension: a prospective analysis using whole mount sections after radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2011;108:E217–22.
Brock M, von Bodman C, Palisaar RJ, et al. The impact of real-time elastography guiding a systematic prostate biopsy to improve cancer detection rate: a prospective study of 353 patients. J Urol. 2012;187:2039–43.
Walz J, Marcy M, Pianna JT, et al. Identification of the prostate cancer index lesion by real-time elastography: considerations for focal therapy of prostate cancer. World J Urol. 2011;29:589–94.
Aigner F, Pallwein L, Junker D, et al. Value of real-time elastography targeted biopsy for prostate cancer detection in men with prostate specific antigen 1.25 ng/ml or greater and 4.00 ng/ml or less. J Urol. 2010;184:913–7.
Aboumarzouk OM, Ogston S, Huang Z, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of transrectal elastosonography (TRES) imaging for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2012;110:1414–23.
Kapoor A, Mahajan G, Sidhu BS. Real-time elastography in the detection of prostate cancer in patients with raised PSA level. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2011;37:1374–81.
Kamoi K, Okihara K, Ochiai A, et al. The utility of transrectal real-time elastography in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2008;34:1025–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Electronic Supplementary Material
Video 7.1
Sonoelastography of the prostate: a useful adjunct in the diagnosis and management of prostatic cancer (MP4 125,314 kb)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Skouteris, V.M., Yarmenitis, S.D., Zacharopoulos, G.P. (2016). Elastography: Can It Improve Prostate Biopsy Results?. In: Stone, N., Crawford, E. (eds) The Prostate Cancer Dilemma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21485-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21485-6_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21484-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21485-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)