Abstract
International Business Machines (IBM) is an American corporation with headquarters at Armonk, New York. This company is a household name with a long and distinguished history. It is has made important contributions to the computing field and in developing the computers that we are familiar with today. IBM develops computer hardware and software for its customers around the world.
It is renowned for its excellence and innovation, and it has more patents granted annually than any other organisation. Its engineers and scientists have won major awards such as Nobel Prizes, Turing Award, National Medals of Technology and National Medals of Science.
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Notes
- 1.
Virtual memory was developed for the Atlas Computer at Manchester University in England in the early 1960s. It allowed the actual memory space of a computer to appear much larger by using the space available on the hard drive. The Atlas Computer was a joint venture between the Manchester University, Ferranti and Plessey.
- 2.
Intel was founded by Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore in 1968.
- 3.
Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975.
- 4.
We are using the US system with a trillion defined as 1012 and a billion defined as 109.
- 5.
A patent is legal protection that is given to an inventor and allows the inventor to exploit the invention for a fixed period of time (typically 20 years).
Reference
Pugh EW (2009) Building IBM: shaping an industry and its technology. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
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O’Regan, G. (2015). IBM. In: Pillars of Computing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21464-1_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21464-1_19
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