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Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells

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Cancer Stem Cells: Emerging Concepts and Future Perspectives in Translational Oncology

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States with over 50,000 deaths per year. The sporadic colorectal cancer, which occurs in ~80 % of the patients, is an age-related disease, the incidence of which rises dramatically after 50 years of age. According to stochastic model of sporadic cancer, it was thought that all cancer cells that possess driver mutation(s) will lead to the process of carcinogenesis. However, in recent years, numerous studies have appeared to challenge the stochastic model. It is becoming increasingly accepted that not all, but only a small sub-population of pluripotent self-renewing tumor cells that are termed as cancer stem cells (CSC) play a determinant role in the development and progression of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer. The focus of this book chapter is to briefly describe the role of cancer stem cells in recurrence of colorectal cancer, which leads to metastasis and remains a major clinical challenge. Although the underlying biochemical and molecular events leading to recurrence of various malignancies are not fully understood, CSCs that have been shown to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy play pivotal role in these processes. While the origin of CSCs is not fully known they are thought to be derived from mutations in normal stem, progenitor or differentiated cells. Despite recent advances in medicine, nearly 50 % of the patients develop recurrence of colon tumor that is highly enriched in CSCs. Unfortunately the conventional chemotherapy has shown limited success in treating recurrent cancer. This underscores the need for development of novel treatment strategies for recurrent colon cancer by targeting CSCs. Attempts are being made to target CSCs utilizing combination of chemotherapy and specific inhibitors of growth factor receptors or signal transduction. In addition, efforts have also been made to utilize non-toxic natural agent(s), either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy.

Author contributed equally with all other contributors

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. John D. Dingell V.A. Medical Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA

      Pratima Nangia-Makker, Yingjie Yu, Lulu Farhana, Kulsoom Ahmed & Adhip P. N. Majumdar

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    1. Faculty of Biol. Scs. Dept. of Mol. Gen., Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran

      Sadegh Babashah

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    Nangia-Makker, P., Yu, Y., Farhana, L., Ahmed, K., Majumdar, A.P.N. (2015). Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. In: Babashah, S. (eds) Cancer Stem Cells: Emerging Concepts and Future Perspectives in Translational Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21030-8_9

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