Abstract
This study was initiated because underwater mass movements in Lake Mjøsa, Norway had caused utility pipeline breakages. Multibeam bathymetry, sub bottom profiler data and samples were acquired to allow morphological interpretations of the processes leading to the mass movements. The underwater slopes of the lake generally show gradients of 15–20°, but exceed 30° in places. The sediment thickness above acoustic basement interpreted from sub bottom profiler data show that the accumulation rate in the central lake basin is about 2 mm/year. Numerous channels are seen on the bathymetry as well as several slide scarps that are about 2 m high. The channels are interpreted to be caused by dense water cascading, probably induced by winter cooling. Calculations based on geotechnical tests of samples indicate that sediment layers in excess of 2 m have a factor of safety less than 1.5 on slopes above 30°. Triggering of slides may thus be spontaneous due to sedimentation, but may also be triggered by oversteepening due to erosional channeling.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Canals M, Puig P, de Madron XD, Heussner S, Palanques A, Fabres J (2006) Flushing submarine canyons. Nature 444(7117):354–357
Lowag J, Bull JM, Vardy ME, Miller H, Pinson LJW (2012) High-resolution seismic imaging of a Younger Dryas and Holocene mass movement complex in glacial lake Windermere, UK. Geomorphology 171:42–57
NVE (Norges Vassdrags og Elektrisitestvesen), Vassdragsdirektoratet (1984) http://gis3.nve.no/metadata/tema/DKBok1984/Dybdekart_1984.htm. Accessed Jan 2015
Pinson LJW, Vardy ME, Dix JK, Henstock TJ, Bull JM, Maclachlan SE (2013) Deglacial history of glacial lake Windermere, UK: implications for the central British and Irish Ice Sheet. J Quat Sci 28(1):83–94
Puig P, Palanques A, Orange DL, Lastras G, Canals M (2008) Dense shelf water cascades and sedimentary furrow formation in the Cap de Creus Canyon, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Cont Shelf Res 28(15):2017–2030
Stegmann S, Strasser M, Anselmetti F, Kopf A (2007) Geotechnical in situ characterization of subaquatic slopes: the role of pore pressure transients versus frictional strength in landslide initiation. Geophys Res Lett 34(7):L07607
Strasser M, Hilbe M, Anselmetti FS (2011) Mapping basin-wide subaquatic slope failure susceptibility as a tool to assess regional seismic and tsunami hazards. Mar Geophys Res 32(1–2):331–347
Strasser M, Monecke K, Schnellmann M, Anselmetti FS (2013) Lake sediments as natural seismographs: a compiled record of late quaternary earthquakes in Central Switzerland and its implication for Alpine deformation. Sedimentology 60(1):319–341
Vardy ME, Pinson LJW, Bull JM, Dix JK, Henstock TJ, Davis JW, Gutowski M (2010) 3D seismic imaging of buried Younger Dryas mass movement flows: Lake Windermere, UK. Geomorphology 118(1–2):176–187
Wessel P, Smith WHF, Scharoo R, Luis J, Wobba F (2013) New, improved version of the generic mapping tools improved version released. Eos Trans AGU 94(45):409–410
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Forsberg, C.F., Heyerdahl, H., Solheim, A. (2016). Underwater Mass Movements in Lake Mjøsa, Norway. In: Lamarche, G., et al. Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, vol 41. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20978-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20979-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)