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Hyperventilation, Handgrip, Cold Pressor, and Squatting Stress Echocardiography

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Stress Echocardiography

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Abstract

Hyperventilation tests have been mainly used in clinical practice as a provocative test for coronary artery vasospasm in patients with suspected or documented vasospastic angina [1–4]. The rationale for the use of hyperventilation testing for this purpose is based on the demonstration that, in susceptible patients, hyperventilation may trigger a vasospasm of a major epicardial coronary artery associated with chest pain and ischemic electrocardiographic changes similar to those observed during spontaneous anginal attacks [1].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heart Department, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy

    Rodolfo Citro MD, PhD, FESC

  2. CNR Pisa, Ist. Fisiologia Clinica, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy

    Eugenio Picano MD, PhD

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  1. Rodolfo Citro MD, PhD, FESC
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  2. Eugenio Picano MD, PhD
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Citro, R., Picano, E. (2015). Hyperventilation, Handgrip, Cold Pressor, and Squatting Stress Echocardiography. In: Stress Echocardiography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20958-6_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20958-6_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20957-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20958-6

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