Abstract
This chapter is aimed primarily at engineers working in industry with little formal training or education in particle technology or bulk solids and aims to provide an overview of simple sampling and characterisation methods and techniques many of which can be undertaken with standard laboratory apparatus. It is written in a fairly informal style, however, reference is made to the academic literature where appropriate. A descriptive distinction between random sampling and systematic sampling is given, followed by advice on sampling methods covering a range of sampling techniques. Once a sample has been obtained, typically, either the properties of individual particles or of the bulk are required. An overview of common characterisation techniques, apparatus and interpretation of results is given. This is by necessity a non-exhaustive review and a list of references and standards is provided for the interested reader.
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Note: Search always the latest available version of a standard. They usually are revised at a regular basis.
References
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Standards
ASTM E11—13 Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
CSN EN 933-1 (2012) Tests for Geometrical Properties of Aggregates—Part 1: Determination of Particle Size Distribution—Sieving Method
ISO 565, Test sieves—Woven metal wire doth and perforated plate—Nominal sizes of apertures
ISO 607, Surface active agents and detergents—Methods of sample division
ISO 902:1976(en) Aluminium oxide primarily used for the production of aluminium—Measurement of the angle of repose
ISO 2591, Test sieving
ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use—Safety in sampling
ISO 3310-1:2000 Test Sieves—Technical Requirements and Testing—Part 1: Test Sieves of Metal Wire Cloth
ISO 3944:1992(en) Fertilizers—Determination of bulk density (loose)
ISO 4324:1977(en) Surface active agents—Powders and granules—Measurement of the angle of repose
ISO 5311:1992(en) Fertilizers—Determination of bulk density (tapped)
ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use—Sampling—Vocabulary
ISO 6274:1982 Concrete—Sieve analysis of aggregates.
ISO 6782:1982(en) Aggregates for concrete—Determination of bulk density
ISO 8213:1986 Chemical products for industrial use—Sampling techniques—Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps
ISO 8398:1989(en) Solid fertilizers—Measurement of static angle of repose
ISO 9276-1:1998, Representation of results of particle size analysis—Part 1: Graphical representation
ISO 9276-2, Representation of results of particle size analysis—Part 2: Calculation of average particle sizes/diameters and moments from particle size distributions
ISO 9276-4:2001, Representation of results of particle size analysis—Part 4: Characterization of a classification process
ISO 9276-6:2008, Representation of results of particle size analysis—Part 6: Descriptive and quantitative representation of particle shape and morphology
ISO 11648-2:2001(en) Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials—Part 2: Sampling of particulate materials
ISO 13099-1:2012, Colloidal systems—Methods for zeta-potential determination—Part 1: Electroacoustic and electrokinetic phenomena
ISO 13099-2:2012, Colloidal systems—Methods for zeta-potential determination—Part 2: Optical methods
ISO 13317-1:2001, Determination of particle size distribution by gravitational liquid sedimentation methods—Part 1: General principles and guidelines
ISO 13319:2007 Determination of Particle Size Distributions—Electrical Sensing Zone Method
ISO 13320:2009 Particle Size Analysis—Laser Diffraction Methods
ISO 13322-1:2004, Particle size analysis—Image analysis methods—Part 1: Static image analysis methods
ISO 13322-2:2006(en) Particle size analysis—Image analysis methods—Part 2: Dynamic image analysis methods
ISO/TS 13762:2001, Particle size analysis—Small angle X-ray scattering method
ISO 14488:2007, Particulate materials—Sampling and sample splitting for the determination of particulate properties
ISO 14629:2012(en) Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics)—Determination of flowability of ceramic powders
ISO 14887:2000, Sample preparation—Dispersing procedures for powders in liquids
ISO/TS 17200:2013 Nanotechnology -- Nanoparticles in powder form -- Characteristics and measurements
ISO 20998-1:2006, Measurement and characterization of particles by acoustic methods—Part 1: Concepts and procedures in ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy
ISO 20998-2:2013(en) Measurement and characterization of particles by acoustic methods—Part 2: Guidelines for linear theory
ISO 21501-3:2007 Determination of particle size distribution—Single particle light interaction methods—Part 3: Light extinction liquid-borne particle counter
ISO 22412:2008(en) Particle size analysis—Dynamic light scattering (DLS)
ISO 26824:2013(en) Particle characterization of particulate systems—Vocabulary
ISO/TS 27687, Nanotechnologies—Terminology and definitions for nano-objects—Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate
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McGlinchey, D. (2016). Sampling and Characterization of Bulk Particulate Materials and Products. In: Merkus, H., Meesters, G. (eds) Production, Handling and Characterization of Particulate Materials. Particle Technology Series, vol 25. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20949-4_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20949-4_15
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