Skip to main content

Sampling and Characterization of Bulk Particulate Materials and Products

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Particle Technology Series ((POTS,volume 25))

Abstract

This chapter is aimed primarily at engineers working in industry with little formal training or education in particle technology or bulk solids and aims to provide an overview of simple sampling and characterisation methods and techniques many of which can be undertaken with standard laboratory apparatus. It is written in a fairly informal style, however, reference is made to the academic literature where appropriate. A descriptive distinction between random sampling and systematic sampling is given, followed by advice on sampling methods covering a range of sampling techniques. Once a sample has been obtained, typically, either the properties of individual particles or of the bulk are required. An overview of common characterisation techniques, apparatus and interpretation of results is given. This is by necessity a non-exhaustive review and a list of references and standards is provided for the interested reader.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Note: Search always the latest available version of a standard. They usually are revised at a regular basis.

References

  1. Allen, T., Khan, A.A.: Critical evaluation of powder sampling procedures. Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 238, CE 108–112 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bates, L.: In: McGlinchey, D. (ed.) Characterisation of Bulk Solids, ISBN 1405116242. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 296pp (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Duran, J.: Sands, Powders and Grains – An Introduction to the Physics of Granular Materials. Springer, New York (2000). ISBN 0387986561

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fitzpatrick, J., Ahrne, L. et al.: ‘Strategic document for research on food powders’; EC 5th Framework Programme Accompanying measure contact QLK1-CT-2001-30172; http://www.foodpowders.net/documents/Strategic%20Document-Draft%204.3.pdf (2001)

  5. Gy, P. Special Issue: 50 years of Pierre Gy’s theory of sampling proceedings: first world conference on sampling and blending (WCSB1) tutorials on sampling: theory and practice. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. 74(1) (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Harnby, N.: Proceeding Third International Powder Technology and Bulk Solids Conference; Pub. Hayden (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Heywood, H.: Proceedings of the 1st Particle Size Analysis Conference, Sept 1996, pp. 355–359 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  8. McGee, E., McGlinchey, D.: ‘Using wall friction data to design hopers’ Proceedings of PARTEC 2004, Nuremberg, Germany, (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  9. McGee, E.: An investigation into characterisation of bulk solids and flow in hoppers. Ph.D. thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  10. McGee, E., McGlinchey, D.: Using data from vertical shear cell tests to define flowability. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference for Conveying and Handling of Particulate Solids, Sorrento (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Merkus, H.G.: Particle Size Measurements: Fundamentals, Practice, Quality (Particle Technology Series vol. 17). Springer, ISBN-10: 1402090153 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Merkus, H.G., Meesters, G.M.H. (eds.): Particulate Products: Tailoring Properties for Optimal Performance (Particle Technology Series vol. 19); Springer; ISBN-10: 3319007130, (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Pitard, F.F.: Pierre Gy’s Sampling Theory and Sampling Practice, Second Edition: Heterogeneity, Sampling Correctness, and Statistical Process Control, 2 edn. CRC Press, ISBN-10: 0849389178, (1993)

    Google Scholar 

Standards

  1. ASTM E11—13 Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves

    Google Scholar 

  2. CSN EN 933-1 (2012) Tests for Geometrical Properties of Aggregates—Part 1: Determination of Particle Size Distribution—Sieving Method

    Google Scholar 

  3. ISO 565, Test sieves—Woven metal wire doth and perforated plate—Nominal sizes of apertures

    Google Scholar 

  4. ISO 607, Surface active agents and detergents—Methods of sample division

    Google Scholar 

  5. ISO 902:1976(en) Aluminium oxide primarily used for the production of aluminium—Measurement of the angle of repose

    Google Scholar 

  6. ISO 2591, Test sieving

    Google Scholar 

  7. ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use—Safety in sampling

    Google Scholar 

  8. ISO 3310-1:2000 Test Sieves—Technical Requirements and Testing—Part 1: Test Sieves of Metal Wire Cloth

    Google Scholar 

  9. ISO 3944:1992(en) Fertilizers—Determination of bulk density (loose)

    Google Scholar 

  10. ISO 4324:1977(en) Surface active agents—Powders and granules—Measurement of the angle of repose

    Google Scholar 

  11. ISO 5311:1992(en) Fertilizers—Determination of bulk density (tapped)

    Google Scholar 

  12. ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use—Sampling—Vocabulary

    Google Scholar 

  13. ISO 6274:1982 Concrete—Sieve analysis of aggregates.

    Google Scholar 

  14. ISO 6782:1982(en) Aggregates for concrete—Determination of bulk density

    Google Scholar 

  15. ISO 8213:1986 Chemical products for industrial use—Sampling techniques—Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps

    Google Scholar 

  16. ISO 8398:1989(en) Solid fertilizers—Measurement of static angle of repose

    Google Scholar 

  17. ISO 9276-1:1998, Representation of results of particle size analysis—Part 1: Graphical representation

    Google Scholar 

  18. ISO 9276-2, Representation of results of particle size analysis—Part 2: Calculation of average particle sizes/diameters and moments from particle size distributions

    Google Scholar 

  19. ISO 9276-4:2001, Representation of results of particle size analysis—Part 4: Characterization of a classification process

    Google Scholar 

  20. ISO 9276-6:2008, Representation of results of particle size analysis—Part 6: Descriptive and quantitative representation of particle shape and morphology

    Google Scholar 

  21. ISO 11648-2:2001(en) Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials—Part 2: Sampling of particulate materials

    Google Scholar 

  22. ISO 13099-1:2012, Colloidal systems—Methods for zeta-potential determination—Part 1: Electroacoustic and electrokinetic phenomena

    Google Scholar 

  23. ISO 13099-2:2012, Colloidal systems—Methods for zeta-potential determination—Part 2: Optical methods

    Google Scholar 

  24. ISO 13317-1:2001, Determination of particle size distribution by gravitational liquid sedimentation methods—Part 1: General principles and guidelines

    Google Scholar 

  25. ISO 13319:2007 Determination of Particle Size Distributions—Electrical Sensing Zone Method

    Google Scholar 

  26. ISO 13320:2009 Particle Size Analysis—Laser Diffraction Methods

    Google Scholar 

  27. ISO 13322-1:2004, Particle size analysis—Image analysis methods—Part 1: Static image analysis methods

    Google Scholar 

  28. ISO 13322-2:2006(en) Particle size analysis—Image analysis methods—Part 2: Dynamic image analysis methods

    Google Scholar 

  29. ISO/TS 13762:2001, Particle size analysis—Small angle X-ray scattering method

    Google Scholar 

  30. ISO 14488:2007, Particulate materials—Sampling and sample splitting for the determination of particulate properties

    Google Scholar 

  31. ISO 14629:2012(en) Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics)—Determination of flowability of ceramic powders

    Google Scholar 

  32. ISO 14887:2000, Sample preparation—Dispersing procedures for powders in liquids

    Google Scholar 

  33. ISO/TS 17200:2013 Nanotechnology -- Nanoparticles in powder form -- Characteristics and measurements

    Google Scholar 

  34. ISO 20998-1:2006, Measurement and characterization of particles by acoustic methods—Part 1: Concepts and procedures in ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy

    Google Scholar 

  35. ISO 20998-2:2013(en) Measurement and characterization of particles by acoustic methods—Part 2: Guidelines for linear theory

    Google Scholar 

  36. ISO 21501-3:2007 Determination of particle size distribution—Single particle light interaction methods—Part 3: Light extinction liquid-borne particle counter

    Google Scholar 

  37. ISO 22412:2008(en) Particle size analysis—Dynamic light scattering (DLS)

    Google Scholar 

  38. ISO 26824:2013(en) Particle characterization of particulate systems—Vocabulary

    Google Scholar 

  39. ISO/TS 27687, Nanotechnologies—Terminology and definitions for nano-objects—Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Don McGlinchey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McGlinchey, D. (2016). Sampling and Characterization of Bulk Particulate Materials and Products. In: Merkus, H., Meesters, G. (eds) Production, Handling and Characterization of Particulate Materials. Particle Technology Series, vol 25. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20949-4_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics