Abstract
Micro-cogeneration is an emerging technology with the potential to—if designed and operated correctly—reduce both the primary energy consumption and the associated greenhouse gas emissions, when compared to traditional energy supply systems. The distributed nature of this generation of technology has the additional advantages of (1) reducing electrical transmission and distribution losses; (2) alleviating the peak demands on the central power plants; and (3) diversifying the electrical energy production, thus improving the security of energy supply. The micro-cogeneration devices are used to meeting the electrical and heating demands of buildings for space heating/hot water production, as well as potentially (mainly for temperate and hot climates) absorption/adsorption cooling systems. Currently, the use of commercial micro-cogeneration units in applications such as hospitals, leisure facilities, hotels, or institutional buildings is well established. The residential cogeneration industry is in a rapid state of development and flux, and the market remains undeveloped, but interest in the technologies by manufacturers, energy utilities, and government agencies remains strong.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AISIN SEIKI. http://www.tecno-casa.com/EN/default.aspx?level0=prodotti&level1=mchp. Cited 23 April 2015
Asmus P (2010) Microgrids, virtual power plants and our distributed energy future. Electr J 23:72–82
Angrisani G, Roselli C, Sasso M (2012) Distributed microtrigeneration systems. Prog Energy Combust Sci 38:502–521
Angrisani G, Rosato A, Roselli C et al (2014a) Influence of climatic conditions and control logic on NOx and CO emissions of a micro-cogeneration unit serving an Italian residential building. Appl Therm Eng 71:858–871
Angrisani G, Canelli M, Rosato A et al (2014b) Load sharing with a local thermal network fed by a microcogenerator: thermo-economic optimization by means of dynamic simulations. Appl Therm Eng 71:628–635
Angrisani G, Marrasso E, Roselli C et al (2014c) A review on microcogeneration national testing procedures. Energy Procedia 45:1372–1381
ASHRAE Handbook (2000) HVAC systems and equipment. ASHRAE, Inc., USA
BAXI. http://www.baxi.co.uk/renewables/combined-heat-and-power/ecogen.htm. Cited 23 April 2015
Beausoleil-Morrison I (2007) Experimental investigation of residential cogeneration devices and calibration of annex 42 Models, IEA/ECBS Annex 42
Beausoleil-Morrison I (2010) The empirical validation of a model for simulating the thermal and electrical performance of fuel cell micro-cogeneration devices. Appl Energy 87:3271–3282
Beausoleil-Morrison I, Lombardi K (2006) The calibration of a model for simulating the thermal and electrical performance of a 2.8kWAC solid-oxide fuel cell micro-cogeneration device. J Power Sources 186:67–79
Bianchi M, De Pascale A, Melino F et al (2013) Micro-CHP system performance prediction using simple virtual operating cycles, In: Microgen III proceedings of the 3rd edition of the international conference on microgeneration and related technologies, Naples, Italy
Bianchi M, Ferrari C, Melino F et al (2012) Feasibility study of a Thermo-Photo-Voltaic system for CHP application in residential buildings. Appl Energy 97:704–713
BlueGEN. http://www.bluegen.info/What-is-bluegen/. Cited 23 April 2015
BOSCH. http://www.bosch-industrial.co.uk/products/combined-heat-and-power-modules/chp-modules.html. Cited 23 April 2015
Bouzid AM, Guerrero JM, Cheriti A et al (2015) A survey on control of electric power distributed generation systems for microgrid applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 44:751–766
Canelli M, Entchev E, Sasso M et al (2015) Dynamic simulations of hybrid energy systems in load sharing application. Appl Therm Eng 78:315–325
CARBON TRUST. http://www.carbontrust.com/resources/reports/technology/micro-chp-accelerator. Cited 23 April 2015
Chicco G, Mancarella P (2009) Distributed multi-generation: a comprehensive view. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13:535–551
Cho S, Lee KH, Kang EC et al (2013) Energy simulation modeling and savings analysis of load sharing between house and office. Renew Energy 54:70–77
Chow TT (2010) A review on photovoltaic/thermal hybrid solar technology. Appl Energy 87:365–379
Clarke J (2001) Energy simulation in building design, 2nd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford 2001
COGENGREEN. http://www.cogengreen.com/en/ecogen-12ag. Cited 23 April 2015
CO2DB. http://www.co2db.de/. Cited 23 April 2015
Crawley D, Lawrie L, Winkelmann F et al (2001) Energyplus: creating a new-generation building energy simulation program. Energy Build 33:319–331
DECENT project (2002) DECENTRALISED GENERATION: DEVELOPMENT OF EU POLICY. http://www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2002/c02075.pdf. Cited 23 April 2015
DePaepe M, D’Herdt P, Mertens D (2006) Micro-CHP systems for residential applications. Energy Convers Manage 47:3435–3446
Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the 11 February 2004 on the promotion of cogeneration based on the useful heat demand in the internal energy market and amending Directive 92/42/EEC. Official Journal of the European Union 2004
Dorer V (2007) Review of existing residential cogeneration systems performance assessments and evaluations. A report of Subtask C of FC + COGEN-SIM the simulation of building-integrated fuel cell and other cogeneration systems. http://www.ecbcs.org/docs/Annex_42_STC_Review_Cogen_Evaluations.pdf. Cited 23 April 2015
Dorer V, Weber A (2009) Energy and CO2 emissions performance assessment of residential micro-cogeneration systems with dynamic whole-building simulation programs. Energy Convers Manag 50:648–657
EC POWER. Ec power. http://www.ecpower.eu/italiano/xrgir/dati-tecnici/xrgir-9.html. Cited 23 April 2015
ECOSENSE. http://www.dedicatedmicros.com/europe/products_details.php?product_assoc_id=228. Cited 23 April 2015
EnergyPlan. http://www.energyplan.eu/. Cited 23 April 2015
Entchev E, Gusdorf J, Swinton M et al (2004) Micro-generation technology assessment for housing technology. Energy Build 36:925–931
Evangelisti S, Lettieri P, Clift R et al (2015) Distributed generation by energy from waste technology: a life cycle perspective. Process Saf Environ Prot 93:161–172
Extern E. http://ecosenseweb.ier.uni-stuttgart.de/. Cited 23 April 2015
Ferguson A, Kelly N, Weber A et al (2009) Modelling residential-scale combustion-based cogeneration in building simulation. J Build Perform Simul 2:1–14
Ferrari C, Melino F, Pinelli M et al (2014) Overview and status of thermophotovoltaic systems. Energy Procedia 45:160–169
FLOWGROUP. http://flowgroup.uk.com/why-we-are-different/. Cited 23 April 2015
González-Pino I, Campos-Celador A, Pérez-Iribarren E et al (2014) Parametric study of the operational and economic feasibility of Stirling micro-cogeneration devices in Spain. Appl Therm Eng 71:821–829
Haeseldonckx D, Peeters L, Helsn L et al (2007) The impact of thermal storage on the operational behaviour of residential CHP facilities and the overall CO2 emissions. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 11:1227–1243
HEXIS. http://www.hexis.com/en/system-data. Cited 23 April 2015
HONDA. http://world.honda.com/power/cogenerator/. Cited 23 April 2015
HOMER. http://www.homerenergy.com/software.html. Cited 23 April 2015
Hubert CE, Achard P, Metkemeijer R (2006) Study of a small heat and power PEM fuel cell system generator. J Power Sources 156:64–70
IEA/ECBCS Annex 42 (2007) The simulation of building-integrated fuel cell and other cogeneration systems (COGEN-SIM). http://www.ecbcs.org/annexes/annex42.htm. Cited 23 April 2015
IEA/ECBCS Annex 54 (2013) Integration of micro-generation and related energy technologies in buildings. http://iea-annex54.org/index.html. Cited 23 April 2015
Kelly N, Beausoleil-Morrison I (2007) Specifications for modelling fuel cell and combustion-based residential cogeneration devices within whole-building simulation programs, IEA/ECBCS Annex 42 report
Kyocera, Results of the First Domestic Trial Operations of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Cogeneration System for Household Use, Kyocera Global News release, 16 May 2006
KYOCERA. http://global.kyocera.com/news/2012/0305_woec.html. Cited 23 April 2015
Kumar A, Baredar P, Qureshi U (2015) Historical and recent development of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) technologies. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 42:1428–1436
Lombardi K, Ugursal VI, Beausoleil-Morrison I (2010) Proposed improvements to a model for characterizing the electrical and thermal energy performance of Stirling engine micro-cogeneration devices based upon experimental observations. Appl Energy 87:3271–3282
Maghanki MM, Ghobadian B, Najafi G et al (2013) Micro combined heat and power (MCHP) technologies and applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 28:510–524
Mancarella P, Chicco G (2009) Global and local emission impact assessment of distributed cogeneration systems with partial-load models. Appl Energy 86:2096–2106
MICRO-MAP (2002) MICRO AND MINI CHP—MARKET ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. http://www.microchap.info/MICROMAP%20publishable%20Report.pdf. Cited 23 April 2015
Mohamed A, Cao S, Hasan A et al (2014) Selection of micro-cogeneration for net zero energy buildings (NZEB) using weighted energy matching index. Energy Build 80:490–503
Moya JA (2013) Impact of support schemes and barriers in Europe on the evolution of cogeneration. Energy Policy 60:345–355
MTT. http://www.enertwin.com/cms/files/EnerTwin-specifications-2014-MR.pdf. Cited 23 April 2015
Onovwiona HI, Ugursal VI (2006) Residential cogeneration systems: review of current technology. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 10:389–431
Onovwiona HI, Ugursal VI, Fung AS (2007) Modelling of internal combustion engine based cogeneration systems for residential applications. Appl Therm Eng 27:948–961
OTAG. http://www.powerblock.eu/download-data/121106_Kurzinfo_lion-Powerblock.pdf. Cited 23 April 2015
Palizban O, Kauhaniemi K, Guerrero JM (2014) Microgrids in active network management—part I: Hierarchical control, energy storage, virtual power plants, and market participation. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 36:428–439
PANASONIC. http://panasonic.co.jp/ap/FC/en_doc03_00.html. Cited 23 April 2015
Possidente R, Roselli C, Sasso M et al (2006) Experimental analysis of microcogeneration units based on reciprocating internal combustion engine. Energy Build 38:1417–1422
Qnergy. http://www.qnergy.com/sites/Qnergy/UserContent/files/SAL-DataSheet-CHP-v15b-140700.pdf. Cited 23 April 2015
Residential PEM Fuel Cell Demonstration Program. www.eere.energy.gov/informationcenter. Cited 23 April 2015
RETSCREEN. http://www.retscreen.net/it/home.php. Cited 23 April 2015
Rosato A, Sibilio S (2012) Calibration and validation of a model for simulating thermal and electric performance of an internal combustion engine-based micro-cogeneration device. Appl Therm Eng 45–46:79–98
Rosato A, Sibilio S (2013a) Performance assessment of a micro-cogeneration system under realistic operating conditions. Energy Convers Manage 70:149–162
Rosato A, Sibilio S (2013b) Energy performance of a micro-cogeneration device during transient and steady-state operation: experiments and simulations. Appl Therm Eng 52:478–491
SENERTEC. http://www.senertec.de/en/derdachs.html. Cited 23 April 2015
Sahlin P, Sowell EF (1989) A neutral model format for building simulation models. In: Procedings of building simulation, IBPSA, Vancouver, Canada
San Martin JI, Zamora I, San Martin JJ et al (2010) Hybrid fuel cells technologies for electrical microgrids. Electr Power Syst Res 80:993–1005
SOLO 161. http://www.chp-goes-green.info/sites/default/files/SOLO_Stirling_161.pdf. Cited 23 April 2015
Sonar D, Soni SL, Sharma D (2014) Micro-trigeneration for energy sustainability: Technologies, tools and trends. Appl Therm Eng 71:790–796
SUNMACHINE. http://www.grunze-ht.de/Download/Sunmachine/Prospekt%20Sunmachine%20neu.pdf. Cited 23 April 2015
TEDOM. http://cogeneration.tedom.com/. Cited 23 April 2015
Thomas B (2006) Small SE CHP running on bio mine and sewage gas. In: Proceedings of the international stirling forum 2006, ECOS GmbH, Osnabrück
Thomas B, Wyndorps A (2004) Experimental Investigation of Micro-CHPs—focused on part load operation. In: Proceedings of the international stirling forum 2004, Osnabrück
Thomas B, Wyndorps A (2005) Experimental examination of micro-CHP’s—stirling vs. IC engines. In: Proceedings of 12th international stirling engine conference (ISEC), Durham
Torrero E, McClelland R (2004) Evaluation of the field performance of residential fuel cells. In: Final report for the National Renewable Energy Laboratories, report no. NREL/SR-560-36229. NREL Golden, Colorado, USA
TRNSYS. http://www.trnsys.com/. Cited 23 April 2015
United Nations, Framework convention on climate change. http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php. Cited 23 April 2015
VAILLANT. http://www.vaillant.co.uk/. Cited 23 April 2015
Van Herle J, Membrez Y, Bucheli O (2004) Biogas as a fuel source for SOFC co-generators. J Power Sources 127:300–312
Veitch DCG, Mahkamov K (2006) Experimental evaluation of performance of a WhisperGen Mk III Micro CHP unit. In: Proceedings of the international stirling forum 2006, ECOS GmbH. Osnabrück
VIESSMANN.http://www.viessmann.com/com/content/dam/internet-global/pdf_documents/com/brochures_englisch/ppr-fuel_cell_boiler.pdf. Cited 23 April 2015
Voorspools KR, D’haeseleer WD (2002) The evaluation of small cogeneration for residential heating. International J Energy Res 26:1175–1190
WHISPERGEN. http://www.whispergen-europe.com/productspec_en.php. Cited 23 April 2015
Williams MC, Strakey JP, Sudoval WA (2006) U.S. DOE fossil energy fuel cells program. J Power Sources 159:1241–1247
Wu DW, Wang RZ (2006) Combined cooling, heating and power: a review. Prog Energy Combust Sci 32:459–495
Yagoub W, Doherty P, Riffat SB (2006) Solar energy-gas driven micro-CHP system for an office building. Appl Therm Eng 26:1604–1610
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sibilio, S., Rosato, A. (2016). Energy Technologies for Building Supply Systems: MCHP. In: Boemi, SN., Irulegi, O., Santamouris, M. (eds) Energy Performance of Buildings. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20831-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20831-2_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20830-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20831-2
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)