Abstract
Antiresorptives are frequently used for the treatment of osteoporosis. They include bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), denosumab [antireceptor activator nuclear kappa-B ligand (RANKL) antibody], and calcitonin. They suppress excessive bone resorption, increase bone mineral density, and prevent fragility fractures. Side effects of long-term treatment with bisphosphonates or denosumab are osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures. There are currently no clear conclusions to suggest how long antiresorptives remain beneficial and safe.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Robinson CM, Royds M, Abraham A et al (2002) Refractures in patients at least forty-five years old. A prospective analysis of twenty-two thousand and sixty patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84:1528–1533
Papapoulos SE, Quandt SA, Liberman UA et al (2005) Meta-analysis of the efficacy of alendronate for the prevention of hip fractures in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 16:468–474
McClung MR, Geusens P, Miller PD et al (2001) Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. Hip Intervention Program Study Group. N Engl J Med 344:333–340
Cummings SR, San Martin J, McClung MR et al (2009) Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 361:756–765
Osaki M, Tatsuki K, Hashikawa T et al (2012) Beneficial effect of risedronate for preventing recurrent hip fracture in the elderly Japanese women. Osteoporos Int 23:695–703
Black DM, Bauer DC, Schwartz AV et al (2012) Continuing bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis–for whom and for how long? N Engl J Med 366:2051–2053
Bone HG, Hosking D, Devogelaer JP et al (2004) Ten years’ experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 350:1189–1199
Wells GA, Cranney A, Peterson J et al (2008) Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1, CD001155
Hagino H (2009) New development in bisphosphonate treatment. Review of the preventive effect of minodronic acid on fracture in Japanese patients with osteoporosis. Clin Calcium 19:75–84
Cranney A, Guyatt G, Griffith L et al (2002) Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. IX: summary of meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 23:570–578
Cranney A, Tugwell P, Adachi J et al (2002) Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. III. Meta-analysis of risedronate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 23:517–523
Wells GA, Cranney A, Peterson J et al (2008) Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1, CD004523
Bauss F, Russell RG (2004) Ibandronate in osteoporosis: preclinical data and rationale for intermittent dosing. Osteoporos Int 15:423–433
Fleish H (2000) Actions. Bisphosphonates in bone disease, 4th edn. Academic, New York, pp 34–55
Matsumoto T, Hagino H, Shiraki M et al (2009) Effect of daily oral minodronate on vertebral fractures in Japanese postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Osteoporos Int 20:1429–1437
Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R et al (2007) Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 356:1809–1822
Lyles KW, Colón-Emeric CS, Magaziner JS et al (2007) Zoledronic acid in reducing clinical fracture and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med 357:nihpa40967
Wells GA, Cranney A, Peterson J et al (2008) Etidronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1, CD003376
Solomon DH, Mercer E, Woo SB et al (2013) Defining the epidemiology of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: prior work and current challenges. Osteoporos Int 24:237–244
Lee SH, Chan RC, Chang SS et al (2014) Use of bisphosphonates and the risk of osteonecrosis among cancer patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies. Support Care Cancer 22:553–560
Shane E, Burr D, Abrahamsen B et al (2014) Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: second report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Miner Res 29:1–23
Canalis E, Giustina A, Bilezikian JP (2007) Mechanisms of anabolic therapies for osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 357:905–916
Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA (2002) Biomedicine. Defining the “S” in SERMs. Science 295:2380–2381
Lippman ME, Cummings SR, Disch DP et al (2006) Effect of raloxifene on the incidence of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis categorized by breast cancer risk. Clin Cancer Res 12:5242–5247
Bone HG, Chapurlat R, Brandi ML et al (2013) The effect of three or six years of denosumab exposure in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: results from the FREEDOM extension. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:4483–4492
Nakamura T, Matsumoto T, Sugimoto T et al (2014) Clinical Trials Express: fracture risk reduction with denosumab in Japanese postmenopausal women and men with osteoporosis: denosumab fracture intervention randomized placebo controlled trial (DIRECT). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:2599–2607
Ikegame M, Ejiri S, Ozawa H (1994) Histochemical and autoradiographic studies on elcatonin internalization and intracellular movement in osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 9:25–37
Katae Y, Tanaka S, Sakai A et al (2009) Elcatonin injections suppress systemic bone resorption without affecting cortical bone regeneration after drill-hole injuries in mice. J Orthop Res 27:1652–1658
Braga PC (1994) Calcitonin and its antinociceptive activity: animal and human investigations 1975–1992. Agents Actions 41:121–131
Ito A, Kumamoto E, Takeda M et al (2000) Mechanisms for ovariectomy-induced hyperalgesia and its relief by calcitonin: participation of 5-HT1A-like receptor on C-afferent terminals in substantia gelatinosa of the rat spinal cord. J Neurosci 20:6302–6308
Shibata K, Takeda M, Ito A et al (1998) Ovariectomy-induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive effect of elcatonin, a synthetic eel calcitonin. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 60:371–376
Takayama B, Kikuchi S, Konno S et al (2008) An immunohistochemical study of the antinociceptive effect of calcitonin in ovariectomized rats. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 15:164
Chesnut CH 3rd, Silverman S, Andriano K et al (2000) A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis: the prevent recurrence of osteoporotic fractures study. PROOF Study Group. Am J Med 109:267–276
O’Donnell S, Cranney A, Wells GA et al (2006) Strontium ranelate for preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3, CD005326
Neer RM, Arnaud CD, Zanchetta JR et al (2001) Effect of parathyroid hormone (1–34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 344:1434–1441
Smith MR, Egerdie B, Hernández Toriz N et al (2009) Denosumab in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 361:745–755
Kaufman JM, Audran M, Bianchi G et al (2013) Efficacy and safety of strontium ranelate in the treatment of osteoporosis in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:592–601
Orwoll ES, Scheele WH, Paul S et al (2003) The effect of teriparatide [human parathyroid hormone (1–34)] therapy on bone density in men with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 18:9–17
Kaufman JM, Orwoll E, Goemaere S et al (2005) Teriparatide effects on vertebral fractures and bone mineral density in men with osteoporosis: treatment and discontinuation of therapy. Osteoporos Int 16:510–516
Sakai A, Ikeda S, Okimoto N et al (2014) Clinical efficacy and treatment persistence of monthly minodronate for osteoporotic patients unsatisfied with, and shifted from, daily or weekly bisphosphonates: the BP-MUSASHI study. Osteoporos Int 25:2245–2253
Freemantle N, Satram-Hoang S, Tang ET et al (2012) Final results of the DAPS (Denosumab Adherence Preference Satisfaction) study: a 24-month, randomized, crossover comparison with alendronate in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 23:317–326
Boonen S, Ferrari S, Miller PD et al (2012) Postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment with antiresorptives: effects of discontinuation or long-term continuation on bone turnover and fracture risk—a perspective. J Bone Miner Res 27:963–974
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sakai, A. (2016). Antiresorptives. In: Korkusuz, F. (eds) Musculoskeletal Research and Basic Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20777-3_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20777-3_42
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20776-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20777-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)