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Microfluidic Platforms for the Interrogation of Intravascular Cellular Trafficking Mechanisms Influenced by Hemodynamic Forces

  • Chapter
Microscale Technologies for Cell Engineering

Abstract

Cell homing within the vasculature regulates the dissemination of circulating cells to distant target tissues. As such, these processes are intimately involved in the physiologic regulation of oxygen delivery and immunity as well as in the pathologic processes of wound healing and cancer metastasis. Mechanisms regulating intravascular cell homing include vessel preferences of cells at microvascular bifurcations, aggregation of erythrocytes and margination of leukocytes, and adhesion of circulating cells to the endothelium. Each is uniquely modulated by mechanical fluidic effects and by geometrical features of the vasculature. Model fluidic systems have been widely employed in the study of intravascular cell homing through the implementation of advanced fabrication techniques to allow both highly realistic and highly controlled microfluidic environments for the elucidation of contributing biological and mechanical factors. In particular, realistic microvascular architectures, endothelialized substrates, artificially functionalized substrates with very precise properties, and conduits with highly controlled shear stress profiles have been constructed to interrogate microvascular cell homing processes. Furthermore, methods have also been developed to harness partition, margination, and adhesion effects in order to allow enrichment or separation of specific cell types, purification of plasma, and detection of abnormal or diseased cells.

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Abbreviations

ICAM:

Intercellular adhesion molecule

IFN:

Interferon

IL:

Interleukin

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

sLex :

sialyl Lewis x

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 1250 14th Street, Denver, CO, USA

      P. Mason McClatchey

    2. Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA

      Erin Hannen

    3. Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA

      Erin Hannen & Susan N. Thomas

    4. George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

      Susan N. Thomas

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    1. P. Mason McClatchey
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    Correspondence to Susan N. Thomas .

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    1. Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

      Ankur Singh

    2. Eng & Dept of Material Science and Eng, Texas A&M University, Dept of Biomedical, College Station, Texas, USA

      Akhilesh K. Gaharwar

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    McClatchey, P.M., Hannen, E., Thomas, S.N. (2016). Microfluidic Platforms for the Interrogation of Intravascular Cellular Trafficking Mechanisms Influenced by Hemodynamic Forces. In: Singh, A., Gaharwar, A. (eds) Microscale Technologies for Cell Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20726-1_9

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