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Spatial Patterning of Stem Cells to Engineer Microvascular Networks

  • Chapter
Microscale Technologies for Cell Engineering

Abstract

A critical step in successful engraftment of engineered tissue substitutes is the development of functional vascularized networks. Vascularization of complex tissue constructs requires a combination of expertise in biological science, engineering, and biomaterials synthesis. Microengineering technology has found extensive applications in creating spatially patterned features with well-defined chemical and physical cues to control cell and tissue functions. In this chapter, we will broadly overview the recent progress in the integration of microengineering technology (e.g., spatial patterning techniques) and stem cells to develop microvascular networks. We will primarily describe the characteristics and architecture of native blood vessels followed by a brief presentation on specific cell types, biological signals, and biomaterials, which have been applied to create biomimetic vascular networks. We will then highlight the studies, which have utilized photolithography, soft lithography, and advanced biomanufacturing techniques to spatially pattern stem cells to generate blood vessel-like networks. This chapter will be concluded with a brief summary on the effects of mechanical stimulations on vascular assembly.

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Abbreviations

2D:

Two dimensional

3D:

Three dimensional

ASCs:

Adipose-derived stem cells

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

b-TCP:

b-Tricalcium phosphate

CACs:

Circulating angiogenic cells

ECFCs:

Endothelial colony forming cells

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ECs:

Endothelial cells

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EPCs:

Endothelial progenitor cells

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

hfMSCs:

Human fetal MSCs

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

HUVECs:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor

IPC:

Interfacial polyelectrolyte complexion

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MPCs:

Mesenchymal progenitor cells

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

PB-MNCs:

Peripheral blood–mononuclear cells

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEGDA:

Polyethylene (glycol) diacrylate

PEUU:

Polyester urethane urea

PGS:

Polyglycerol sebacate

PLA:

Poly l-lactic acid

PLGA:

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)

PSCs:

Pluripotent stem cells

RMC:

Rat methylated collagen

SMCs:

Smooth muscle cells

UCB-EPC:

Umbilical-cord-blood endothelial progenitor cells

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VSMCs:

Vascular smooth muscle cells

μCP:

Microcontact printing

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran

    Mahshid Kharaziha Ph.D.

  2. Harrington Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, ECG 334A, 501 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Mehdi Nikkhah Ph.D.

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Correspondence to Mehdi Nikkhah Ph.D. .

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  1. Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Ankur Singh

  2. Eng & Dept of Material Science and Eng, Texas A&M University, Dept of Biomedical, College Station, Texas, USA

    Akhilesh K. Gaharwar

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Kharaziha, M., Nikkhah, M. (2016). Spatial Patterning of Stem Cells to Engineer Microvascular Networks. In: Singh, A., Gaharwar, A. (eds) Microscale Technologies for Cell Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20726-1_7

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