Abstract
In this chapter we present a general method of constructing the effective equation which describes the behavior of small-amplitude solutions for a nonlinear PDE in finite volume, provided that the linear part of the equation is a hamiltonian system with a pure imaginary discrete spectrum. The effective equation is obtained by retaining only the resonant terms of the nonlinearity (which may be hamiltonian, or may be not); the assertion that it describes the limiting behavior of small-amplitude solutions is a rigorous mathematical theorem. In particular, the method applies to the three- and four-wave systems. We demonstrate that different possible types of energy transport are covered by this method, depending on whether the set of resonances splits into finite clusters (this happens, e.g. in case of the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima equation), or is connected (this happens, e.g. in the case of the NLS equation if the space-dimension is at least two). For equations of the first type the energy transition to high frequencies does not hold, while for equations of the second type it may take place. Our method applies to various weakly nonlinear wave systems, appearing in plasma, meteorology and oceanography.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
That is, \(\dot{\boldsymbol{\beta }}_{\mathbf{k}} = (d/dt)\boldsymbol{\beta }_{\mathbf{k}}\), \(\boldsymbol{\beta }_{\mathbf{k}} = \boldsymbol{\beta }_{\mathbf{k}}^{+} + i\boldsymbol{\beta }\mathbf{k}^{-}\), where \(\boldsymbol{\beta }_{\mathbf{k}}^{\pm }\) are standard independent real Wiener processes.
- 2.
- 3.
Note that, due to the fact that the function ψ is real, \(v_{\mathbf{k}} = v_{-\mathbf{k}}^{{\ast}}\).
- 4.
In the case of the non-forced equation the expectations should be taken with respect to the distribution of the initial data, while for the forced equation—with respect to the distribution of the forcing (and, possibly, of the initial data).
- 5.
Notice that, since the equation which we consider has a cubic nonlinearity, equations for moments of even order are decoupled from those for moments of odd order.
- 6.
Note that the relations, defining \(\varSigma _{\mathbf{k}}^{j}\) are not independent.
References
Bogoljubov, N.N., Mitropol’skij, J.A.: Asymptotic Methods in the Theory of Non-linear Oscillations. Gordon & Breach, New York (1961)
Cardy, J., Falkovich, G., Gawedzki, K.: Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics and Turbulence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008)
Faou, E., Germain, P., Hani, Z.: The weakly nonlinear large box limit of the 2d cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. E-print: arXiv:1308.6267 (2013)
Gérard, P., Grellier, S.: Effective integrable dynamics for a certain non-linear wave equation. Anal. PDE 5, 1139–1155 (2012)
Huang, G.: An averaging theorem for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with small nonlinearities. Discrete Continuous Dyn. Syst. Ser. A 34(9), 3555–3574 (2014)
Huang, G.: Long-time dynamics of resonant weakly nonlinear CGL equations. J. Dyn. Diff. Equat. 1–13 (2014). doi:10.1007/s10884-014-9391-0
Huang, G., Kuksin, S., Maiocchi, A.: Time-averaging for weakly nonlinear CGL equations with arbitrary potentials. In: Guyenne, P., Nicholls, D., Sulem, C. (eds.) Hamiltonian Partial Differential Equations and Applications, vol. 75, Fields Inst. Commun. (2015)
Kartashova, E.: Partitioning of ensembles of weakly interacting dispersing waves in resonators into disjoint classes. Phys. D 46, 43–56 (1990)
Kartashova, E.: Nonlinear Resonance Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010)
Kuksin, S.B.: Damped-driven KdV and effective equations for long-time behaviour of its solutions. GAFA Geom. Funct. Anal. 20, 1431–1463 (2010)
Kuksin, S.B.: Weakly nonlinear stochastic CGL equations. Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat. 49(4), 1033–1056 (2013)
Kuksin, S., Maiocchi, A.: Resonant averaging for small solutions of stochastic NLS equations. E-print: arXiv:1311.6793 (2013)
Kuksin, S.B., Maiocchi, A.: The limit of small Rossby numbers for the randomly forced quasi-geostrophic equation on the β-plane. Nonlinearity 28, 2319–2341 (2015)
Kuksin, S.B., Maiocchi, A.: Derivation of a wave kinetic equation from the resonant-averaged stochastic NLS equation. Phys. D. (2015, in press)
Monin, A.S., Yaglom, A.M.: Statistical Fluid Mechanics: Mechanics of Turbulence, vol. II. Dover, New York (2007)
Nazarenko, S.: Wave Turbulence. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 825. Springer, Berlin (2011)
Newell, A.C., Rumpf, B.: Wave turbulence. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 43(1), 59–78 (2011)
Zakharov, V.E., L’vov, V.S., Falkovich, G.: Kolmogorov spectra of turbulence 1. Wave Turbulence. Springer, Berlin (1992)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kuksin, S., Maiocchi, A. (2016). The Effective Equation Method. In: Tobisch, E. (eds) New Approaches to Nonlinear Waves. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 908. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20690-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20690-5_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20689-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20690-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)