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Infection and Cancer: Bi-Directorial Interactions pp 109–131Cite as

Infection-Associated Hematological Malignancies

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Abstract

The association between infectious agents and hematologic human malignancies has been actively studied, and numerous viral and bacterial agents were found to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of infection-induced oncogenesis are still not completely understood. Three viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I), and Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), and one bacteria, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been definitely associated with human hematologic malignancies, particularly, lymphoid neoplasms. Although these agents employ very different specific oncogenic mechanisms, they converge on several common intercellular pathways (such as cell-cycle regulation, proliferation and apoptosis) that eventually lead to malignant transformation. Environmental and host cofactors such as immunosuppression, genetic predisposition, and mutagens can accelerate the development of these neoplasms. The study of infectious agents and of the multiple mechanisms deployed by them has improved our current understanding of cancer biology. The emerging information may expedite the development of new targeted approaches to prevent and treat infection-associated hematologic malignancies. In this review we will focus on the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the development of the wide spectrum of hematologic malignancies, associated with EBV, HTLV-1, KSHV and H. pylori, as well as their main clinical features.

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Abbreviations

AITL:

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

BL:

Burkitt lymphoma

CNS:

central nervous system

DLBCL:

diffuse large B cell lymphoma

EBV:

Epstein-Barr virus

HHV-8:

Human Herpesvirus-8

HL:

Hodgkin lymphoma

HTLV-I :

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus I

KSHV :

Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus

LANA:

latency-associated nuclear antigen

LYG:

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis

MALT:

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

PEL:

primary effusion lymphoma

PTLD:

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases

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  1. Department of Pathology, S735, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA

    Dmitriy W. Gutkin

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  1. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Michael R. Shurin

  2. Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA

    Yasmin Thanavala

  3. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Nahed Ismail

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Gutkin, D.W. (2015). Infection-Associated Hematological Malignancies. In: Shurin, M., Thanavala, Y., Ismail, N. (eds) Infection and Cancer: Bi-Directorial Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20669-1_7

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