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Arsenic and Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress in Metal Accumulator and Non-accumulator Plants and Detoxification Mechanisms

  • Chapter
Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress

Abstract

Mitigation of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) pollution is a topical environmental issue of high R&D priority due to its toxicity on living organisms and deleterious effects on the environment. Following uptake by plants, As and Cr generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative stress, which exerts negative effects on biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels that hinder plant growth and development. When the stressor level reaches the threshold level of plant tolerance, the stress response is manifested physiologically and beyond that level, the plant succumbs. However, some plants termed as hyperaccumulators, i.e., those accumulating metal ions inside their cellular milieu with BF > 1, have evolved detoxification mechanisms due to their physiological and genetic makeup which facilitates scavenging of indigenously generated ROS. Various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate, glutathione, and phenolic compounds have been reported to be involved in neutralising ROS. It seems that the antioxidant defence system plays a significant role in combating metal stress and confers metal tolerance to these plants. Understanding the biochemistry of plants exposed to As and Cr stress would be beneficial for selecting As and Cr tolerant plants that are better equipped with such defence mechanisms. This chapter reviews different aspects related to antioxidant defence mechanisms in As and Cr hyperaccumulator and non-hyperaccumulator plants. This chapter also highlights usefulness of these biomarkers for screening plants with competent biochemical mechanisms for metal stress tolerance. This information, in turn will help to design efficient phytoextraction treatment systems through deployment of such competent plants.

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  1. Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India

    Sarita Tiwari & Bijaya Ketan Sarangi

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  1. Sarita Tiwari
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  2. Bijaya Ketan Sarangi
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Correspondence to Bijaya Ketan Sarangi .

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  1. Institut Radio. und Strahl. (IRS), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Uni. Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Dharmendra K. Gupta

  2. CSIC, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain

    José M. Palma

  3. CSIC, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain

    Francisco J. Corpas

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Tiwari, S., Sarangi, B.K. (2015). Arsenic and Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress in Metal Accumulator and Non-accumulator Plants and Detoxification Mechanisms. In: Gupta, D., Palma, J., Corpas, F. (eds) Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20421-5_7

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