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What Do the Plant Mitochondrial Antioxidant and Redox Systems Have to Say Under Salinity, Drought, and Extreme Temperature?

  • Chapter
Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress

Abstract

Mitochondria are ubiquitous organelles with a notable oxidative metabolism. They are a significant site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in plant cells, including superoxide (O2 •−) and H2O2. In addition to ROS, there are compelling indications that nitric oxide (NO) can be generated in this organelle by both reductive and oxidative pathways. ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a key role in signaling but they can also be deleterious via oxidation of cell components when overproduced as a consequence of adverse conditions. The high production of ROS obligates mitochondria to be provided with a set of ROS-scavenging mechanisms. The first line of plant mitochondrial antioxidants is composed of superoxide dismutase and the enzymes of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, which are not only able to scavenge ROS but also to repair cell damage and possibly serve as redox sensors. Besides direct control by antioxidants, mitochondrial ROS production is tightly controlled by multiple redundant systems affecting inner membrane potential such as NADPH-dependent dehydrogenases, alternative oxidase (AOX), and uncoupling proteins. In addition, the presence of specific protein families responsible for dithiol/disulfide exchange reactions such as the thioredoxin (Trx), peroxiredoxin (Prx), and sulfiredoxin (Srx) families in the mitochondria has been recently reported. These proteins are critically important under some abiotic stress conditions by controlling the cellular redox status of thiol groups of cysteinyl residues as well as acting as antioxidant defense mechanisms. Here, we summarize the insights of the involvement of this Trx–Prx–Srx system and the ASC–GSH cycle components in plant tolerance to abiotic stress, more specifically in salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures, as some of the most important unfavorable environmental conditions for plant yield and growth. In the plant response to stress, it seems that not only the antioxidant but also the redox systems are emerging as key components functioning in both redox sensing and signal transduction pathways.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by MICINN (BFU2014-52452-P) and Séneca Foundation, Murcia, Spain (04553/GERM/06). The authors apologize to the scientists that are not cited because of space limitation and thank Phillip Thomas for correction of the written English in the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    F. Sevilla & A. Jiménez

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, EEZ-CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain

    J. J. Lázaro

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  1. F. Sevilla
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  2. A. Jiménez
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  3. J. J. Lázaro
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Correspondence to F. Sevilla .

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  1. Institut Radio. und Strahl. (IRS), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Uni. Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Dharmendra K. Gupta

  2. CSIC, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain

    José M. Palma

  3. CSIC, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain

    Francisco J. Corpas

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Sevilla, F., Jiménez, A., Lázaro, J.J. (2015). What Do the Plant Mitochondrial Antioxidant and Redox Systems Have to Say Under Salinity, Drought, and Extreme Temperature?. In: Gupta, D., Palma, J., Corpas, F. (eds) Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20421-5_2

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