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The Adenosinergic System pp 81–99Cite as

Role of Adenosine A2A Receptors in the Control of Neuroinflammation—Relevance for Parkinson’s Disease

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 10))

Abstract

The antagonism of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) is currently a leading non-dopaminergic strategy to delay the onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the underlying mechanism of action is still unclear. One prominent features of PD is the emergence of a neuroinflammation status supported by an increased density of activated microglia in afflicted brain regions, namely the substantia nigra and dorsolateral striatum since the onset of PD motor symptoms. This neuroinflammation might contribute for the etiology of PD since anti-inflammatory strategies can attenuate the behavioral and neurochemical changes in both PD patients and PD animal models. We now discuss the possibility that A2AR may control PD features through the control of microgliosis and neuroinflammation since: (1) microglia are endowed with A2AR; (2) A2AR are up-regulated in diseased conditions; (3) A2AR can control different facets of microglia function, from proliferation, migration and inflammatory reactivity; (4) A2AR antagonists effectively prevent microgliosis and prevent neuroinflammation, namely in animal models of PD.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by DARPA, NARSAD, Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa and co-funded by FEDER (QREN), through Programa Mais Centro under projects CENTRO-07-ST24-FEDER-002002, CENTRO-07-ST24-FEDER-002006 and CENTRO-07-ST24-FEDER-002008, and through Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade—COMPETE and National funds via FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia under project(s) Pest-C/SAU/LA0001/2013-2014.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Catarina Gomes, Jimmy George & Rodrigo A. Cunha

  2. FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Catarina Gomes & Rodrigo A. Cunha

  3. Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 02129, Boston, MA, USA

    Jiang-Fan Chen

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  1. Catarina Gomes
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  2. Jimmy George
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  4. Rodrigo A. Cunha
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Correspondence to Rodrigo A. Cunha .

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  1. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Micaela Morelli

  2. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Nicola Simola

  3. Dept. of Neuropsychopharmacology Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland

    Jadwiga Wardas

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Gomes, C., George, J., Chen, JF., Cunha, R. (2015). Role of Adenosine A2A Receptors in the Control of Neuroinflammation—Relevance for Parkinson’s Disease. In: Morelli, M., Simola, N., Wardas, J. (eds) The Adenosinergic System. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 10. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20273-0_5

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