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Gas Balances and Growth in Algal Cultures

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Algal Biorefineries

Abstract

This chapter reviews some of the most important aspects related to the growth of microalgae with their main substrate, carbon dioxide (CO2), and product, oxygen (O2). Both gases exist in the aqueous nutrient medium in dynamic equilibrium with the incoming CO2 contained in air and in the case of open systems, with the exterior environment. The concentrations of both gases, along with other environmental parameters including light, temperature, nutrients, etc. affect photosynthesis and, consequently, the growth rates and productivities. The effect of environmental conditions and medium composition is reviewed in terms of mass balances initially and then kinetic growth models based on these conditions. Transfer of CO2 and O2 is described and then integrated with cell kinetics highlighting recent developments in models describing dynamic system, along with advanced computational tools used in solving and representing the hydrodynamics in photobioreactors. Finally, an example with experimental results is presented. Detailed procedures to obtain parameters used in microalgal kinetics, mass transfer and hydrodynamics expressions are described and used to validate a dynamic model simulating the performance of an airlift photobioreactor inoculated with Scenedesmus sp.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, México, DF, Mexico

    Marcia Morales & Sergio Revah

  2. Departamento de Procesos e Hidráulica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, DF, Mexico

    Juan Cabello

Authors
  1. Marcia Morales
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  2. Juan Cabello
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  3. Sergio Revah
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcia Morales .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Aleš Prokop

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA

    Rakesh K. Bajpai

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA

    Mark E. Zappi

List of Acronyms

List of Acronyms

ADM:

Axial dispersion model

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

AllnGap II:

Aluminum indium gallium phosphide

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CA:

Carbonic anhydrase

CARPT:

Computer-automated radioactive particle

CCM:

Carbon dioxide concentration mechanism

CFD:

Dynamic Fluid Computational

chCA:

Chloroplast carbonic anhydrase

cyCA:

Cytosolic carbonic anhydrase

DIC:

Dissolved inorganic carbon

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DO:

Dissolved oxygen

DW:

Dry weight

LEDs:

Light emitting diodes

NADP+ :

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen

pCA:

Periplasmic carbonic anhydrase

PSF:

Photosynthetic factory

PSII:

Photosystem II

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

RTD:

Residence time distribution

Rubisco:

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase

STR:

Stirred tank reactor

VVM:

Gas volume flow per unit of liquid volume per minute

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Morales, M., Cabello, J., Revah, S. (2015). Gas Balances and Growth in Algal Cultures. In: Prokop, A., Bajpai, R., Zappi, M. (eds) Algal Biorefineries. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20200-6_8

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