Abstract
The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) represents, quite simply, good primary care that has been systematized to be shared among highly functional teams. This seems at odds with classic views of primary care, in which one provider shouldered the responsibilities for a panel of patients, with specific tasks delegated to ancillary staff. PCMH allows the development of a team, featuring dynamic distributed leadership by different team members, with common goals in providing and improving clinical care. It also requires networks of providers and systems of care designed to maximize patient-centered, proactive, and appropriately responsive care. As anyone who has embarked upon the PCMH journey knows, this transformation can be very difficult. We suggest this challenge is due to the complex adaptive system in which it must be implemented and evaluated. In this chapter, we discuss the case for implementing a PCMH transformation. This lays the groundwork for the argument that such a transformation is one of the most important goals for those interested in improving healthcare. We argue that the preponderance of evidence supports that highly functioning primary care delivery is the foundation for a solid healthcare system and that the PCMH model offers much to maximize efficiency, quality patient care, and staff satisfaction. In this chapter, we will review a brief history of primary care, why we need to maintain the “primacy of primary care” in our system, and how the PCMH model can help to bridge the gap between desired and delivered practice in the USA.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Physicians, American Osteopathic Association. Guidelines for Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) Recognition and Accreditation Programs. 2011. http://www.acponline.org/running_practice/delivery_and_payment_models/pcmh/understanding/guidelines_pcmh.pdf.
American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Physicians, American Osteopathic Association. Joint principles of the patient-centered medical home. 2007. http://www.pcpcc.net/joint-principles.
Baicker K, Chandra A. Medicare spending, the physician workforce, and beneficiaries’ quality of care. Health Aff (Millwood) Suppl Web Exclusives. 2004;W4-184–97.
Bindman AB, Grumbach K, Osmond D, Komaromy M, Vranizan K, Lurie N, Billings J, Stewart A. Preventable hospitalizations and access to health care. JAMA. 1995;274(4):305–11.
Bodenheimer T, Grumbach K. Improving primary care: strategies and tools for a better practice. New York: Lange Medical Books/Mcgraw-Hill; 2007.
Bodenheimer T, Sinsky C. From triple to quadruple aim: care of the patient requires care of the provider. Ann Fam Med. 2014;12(6):573–6.
Christakis N, Fowler J. Connected. Boston: Back Bay Books; 2011.
Coplan B, Cawley J, Stoehr J. Physician assistants in primary care: trends and characteristics. Ann Fam Med. 2013;11(1):75–9.
Donaldson MS, Yordy KD, Lohr KN, Vanselow NA. Primary care: America’s health in a new era. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine/National Academy Press; 1996.
Friedberg MW, Chen PG, Van Busum KR. Factors affecting physician professional satisfaction and their implications for patient care, health systems, and health policy. RAND Corporation; 2013. http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR439.html.
Friedberg MW, Schneider EC, Rosenthal MB, Volpp KG, Werner RM. Association between participation in a multipayer medical home intervention and changes in quality, utilization, and costs of care. JAMA. 2014;311(8):815–25.
Gawande A. Big Med. Annals of Health Care. New Yorker; 13 Aug 2012.
Gilman SC, Chokshi DA, Bowen JL, Rugen KW, Cox M. Connecting the dots: interprofessional health education and delivery system redesign at the veterans health administration. Acad Med. 2014;89(8):1113–6.
Health Resources and Services Administration; US Department of Health & Human Services. HRSA study finds uptick of nurse practitioners working in primary care. 2014. http://www.hrsa.gov/about/news/pressreleases/140509nursepractitionersurvey.html.
Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions, National Center for Health Workforce Analysis. Projecting the supply and demand for primary care practitioners through 2020. Rockville: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2013.
Helfrich CD, Dolan ED, Simonetti J, Reid RJ, Joos S, Wakefield BJ, Schectman G, Stark R, Fihn SD, Harvey HB, et al. Elements of team-based care in a patient-centered medical home are associated with lower burnout among VA primary care employees. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29 Suppl 2:S659–66.
Kronman AC, Ash AS, Freund KM, Hanchate A, Emanuel EJ. Can primary care visits reduce hospital utilization among medicare beneficiaries at the end of life? J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(9):1330–5.
Kuhn T. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1970.
LaMothe J, Dunscomb J, Halstead J. Indiana University Interprofessional Collaborative Practice [Internet]. 2014. http://www.ic4n.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Nursing-Summit-PP-presentation.pdf.
Longman P. Best care anywhere: why VA Health Care would work better for everyone. 3rd ed. San Francisco: BK Currents Book; 2012.
McGlynn EA, Asch SM, Adams J, Keesey J, Hicks J, DeCristofaro A, Kerr EA. The quality of health care delivered to adults in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(26):2635–45.
McWilliams JM, Dalton JB, Landrum MB, Frakt AB, Pizer SD, Keating NL. Geographic variation in cancer-related imaging: veterans affairs health care system versus medicare. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(11):794–802.
Nelson KM, Helfrich C, Sun H, Hebert PL, Liu CF, Dolan E, Taylor L, Wong E, Maynard C, Hernandez SE, et al. Implementation of the patient-centered medical home in the Veterans Health Administration: associations with patient satisfaction, quality of care, staff burnout, and hospital and emergency department use. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(8):1350–8.
Newton DA, Grayson MS. Trends in career choice by US medical school graduates. JAMA. 2003;290(9):1179–82.
Nielsen M, Gibson A, Buelt L, Grundy P, Grumback K. The patient-centered Medical Home’s impact on cost and quality. Annu Rev Evid. 2013-2014; 2015.
Nielsen M, Langner B, Zema C, Hacker T, Grundy P. Benefits of implementing the Primary Care Patient-Centered Medical Home: a review of cost and quality results. Washington, DC: Patient-Centered Primary Care Collaborative; 2012.
Nutting PA, Crabtree BF, Miller WL, Stange KC, Stewart E, Jaén C. Transforming physician practices to patient-centered medical homes: lessons from the national demonstration project. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(3):439–45.
Nutting PA, Miller WL, Crabtree BF, Jaen CR, Stewart EE, Stange KC. Initial lessons from the first national demonstration project on practice transformation to a patient-centered medical home. Ann Fam Med. 2009;7(3):254–60.
Ollove M. Are there enough doctors for the newly insured? Kaiser Health News. 2014. http://kaiserhealthnews.org/news/doctor-shortage-primary-care-specialist/.
Østbye T, Yarnall KS, Krause KM, Pollak KI, Gradison M, Michener JL. Is there time for management of patients with chronic diseases in primary care? Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(3):209–14.
Phillips RL, Jr., Starfield B. Why does a U.S. primary care physician workforce crisis matter? Am Fam Physician. 2004;70(3):440, 442, 445–6.
Press MJ. Instant replay–a quarterback’s view of care coordination. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(6):489–91.
Reid RJ, Fishman PA, Yu O, Ross TR, Tufano JT, Soman MP, Larson EB. Patient-centered medical home demonstration: a prospective, quasi-experimental, before and after evaluation. Am J Manag Care. 2009;15(9):e71–87.
Reid RJ, Coleman K, Johnson EA, Fishman PA, Hsu C, Soman MP, Trescott CE, Erikson M, Larson EB. The Group Health medical home at year two: cost savings, higher patient satisfaction, and less burnout for providers. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29(5):835–43.
Schimpff SC. Solving the crisis in primary care. Med Econ. 2014;91(16):30–3.
Shi L, Macinko J, Starfield B, Politzer R, Wulu J, Xu J. Primary care, social inequalities, and all-cause, heart disease, and cancer mortality in US counties, 1990. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(4):674–80.
Smith CS. The impact of an ambulatory firm system on quality and continuity of care. Med Care. 1995;33(2):221–6.
Stange KC, Glasgow RE. Contextual factors: the importance of considering and reporting on context in research on the Patient-Centered Medical Home. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2013.
Starfield B. Primary care: concept, evaluation, and policy. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992.
Yarnall KS, Pollak KI, Østbye T, Krause KM, Michener JL. Primary care: is there enough time for prevention? Am J Public Health. 2003;93(4):635–41.
Young GP, Wagner MB, Kellermann AL, Ellis J, Bouley D. Ambulatory visits to hospital emergency departments. Patterns and reasons for use. 24 Hours in the ED Study Group. JAMA. 1996;276(6):460–5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, C.S., Gerrish, W.G., Weppner, W.G. (2015). The Argument for the Patient-Centered Medical Home: Replicating Good Primary Care. In: Interprofessional Education in Patient-Centered Medical Homes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20158-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20158-0_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20157-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20158-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)