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In-Situ Remediation Approaches for the Management of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Overview

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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 236

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 236))

Abstract

Though several in-situ treatment methods exist to remediate polluted sites, selecting an appropriate site-specific remediation technology is challenging and is critical for successful clean up of polluted sites. Hence, a comprehensive overview of all the available remediation technologies to date is necessary to choose the right technology for an anticipated pollutant. This review has critically evaluated the (i) technological profile of existing in-situ remediation approaches for priority and emerging pollutants, (ii) recent innovative technologies for on-site pollutant remediation, and (iii) current challenges as well as future prospects for developing innovative approaches to enhance the efficacy of remediation at contaminated sites.

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Abbreviations

$:

Dollar

<:

Less than

>:

Greater than

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Ag:

Silver

Al:

Aluminium

AM:

Arbuscular mycorrhiza

As:

Arsenic

B:

Boron

Be:

Beryllium

BTEX:

Benzene toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes

C:

Carbon

CCA:

Chromated copper arsenate

Cd:

Cadmium

CEC:

Contaminants of emerging concern

CFU:

Colony forming units

CN:

Cyanide

Co:

Cobalt

Cr:

Chromium

Cs:

Cesium

Cu:

Copper

DC:

Direct current

DCA:

Dichloroaniline

DCE:

Dichloroethane

DDT:

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNAPL:

Dense non-aqueous phase liquid

DPE:

Dual-phase extraction

DUS/HPO:

Dynamic underground steam stripping with hydrous oxidation

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EPH:

Extractable petroleum hydrocarbons

EZVI:

Emulsified zero-valent iron

FCC:

Federal Communications Commission

Fe:

Iron

Fe2O3 :

Iron oxide

FRTR:

Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable

g:

Gram

GAC:

Granular activated carbon

GHz:

Gigahertz

h:

Hour

HCB:

Hexachlorobenzene

Hg:

Mercury

HMW:

High molecular weight

HPCD:

Hydroxypropyl cyclodextrine

HTTD:

High temperature thermal desorption

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

ISTD:

In-situ thermal desorption

ISV:

In-situ vitrification

J:

Joule

K:

Potassium

kg:

Kilogram

kW:

Kilo-watt

L:

Litre

LNAPL:

Light non-aqueous phase liquid

LTTD:

Low temperature thermal desorption

m:

Metre

M:

Molar

MFCs:

Microbial fuel cells

mg:

Milligram

Mg:

Megagram

MHz:

Megahertz

min:

Minute

Mn:

Manganese

MPE:

Multi-phase extraction

MTBE:

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether

N:

Nitrogen

n:

Nano

NAD:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NAPL:

Non-aqueous phase liquid

NH3 :

Ammonia

Ni:

Nickel

NO3 :

Nitrate

P:

Phosphorous

PAHs:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Pb:

Lead

PCBs:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

PCDD:

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins

PCDF:

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans

PCE:

Perchloroethylene

PCP:

Pentachlorophenol

PCPP:

Pharmaceutical and personal care products

PFAS:

Polyfluoroalkyl substances

PFOA:

Perfluorooctanoic acid

PFOS:

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

PFOSF:

Perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride

PO4 :

Phosphate

POPs:

Persistent organic pollutants

PRB:

Permeable reactive barrier

RDX:

Royal demolition explosive

s:

Second

Sb:

Antimony

Sb2O3 :

Antimony trioxide

Se:

Selenium

SO4 :

Sulphate

Sr:

Strontium

SVE:

Soil vapor extraction

TCA:

Trichloroethane

TCE:

Trichloroethylene

TI:

Thallium

TMB:

Trimethylbenzene

TNT:

Trinitrotoluene

TPH:

Total petroleum hydrocarbons

U:

Uranium

US EPA:

United States Environmental Protection Agency

UV:

Ultra-violet

V:

Volt

VC:

Vinyl chloride

VOC:

Volatile organic compounds

W:

Watts

WHO:

World Health Organization

Zn:

Zinc

ZVI:

Zero-valent iron

μg:

Microgram

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Acknowledgement

SK thanks the Australian Government and the University of South Australia for the International Postgraduate Research Scholarship, and the Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE) for the CRC CARE top-up fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CERAR-Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia

    Saranya Kuppusamy

  2. CRC CARE-Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment, 486, Salisbury South, SA, 5106, Australia

    Saranya Kuppusamy, Thavamani Palanisami, Mallavarapu Megharaj & Ravi Naidu

  3. GIER- Global Institute for Environmental Research, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Thavamani Palanisami, Mallavarapu Megharaj & Ravi Naidu

  4. Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515055, India

    Kadiyala Venkateswarlu

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  1. Saranya Kuppusamy
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  2. Thavamani Palanisami
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  3. Mallavarapu Megharaj
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Correspondence to Mallavarapu Megharaj .

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    Pim de Voogt

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Kuppusamy, S., Palanisami, T., Megharaj, M., Venkateswarlu, K., Naidu, R. (2016). In-Situ Remediation Approaches for the Management of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Overview. In: de Voogt, P. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 236. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 236. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20013-2_1

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