Abstract
Surgery of the rectum is difficult, as it is located within the confines of the narrow bony pelvis. This precludes good lighting and good exposure. With the proximity of nerve plexuses and venous plexuses to the pelvic organs, it is very demanding to attain good oncological surgery with optimal functional outcomes. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a form of minimally invasive surgery developed by Buess et al. in 1984 as a means of local resection of early rectal tumor (T0, Tis, and low risk T1). It is a technically demanding local resection, operating through the anus, and avoiding any skin incision. It may not be an overstatement to say that TEM is actually the “Minimally Invasive Surgery of Minimally Invasive Surgery” in rectal operation.
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Meng, W.C.S. (2015). Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM). In: Meng, W., Cheung, H., Lam, D., Ng, S. (eds) Minimally Invasive Coloproctology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19698-5_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19698-5_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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