Skip to main content

Novel Upcoming Therapies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Medical therapy remains the most popular treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). While interest in drug development for GERD has declined over the past few years, primarily due to the conversion of most proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to generic and over-the-counter compounds, there are still numerous areas of unmet needs in GERD. Drug development in GERD has been focused on potent histamine type 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), extended-release PPI’s, PPI combination, potassium-competitive acid blockers, transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR) reducers, prokinetics, mucosal protectants, and esophageal-specific pain modulators. It is likely that further innovation in therapeutic options for GERD will continue to decline in the next decade, and the aforementioned compounds will be niched for specific areas of unmet needs in GERD, rather than compete with the presently available anti-reflux therapies for GERD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hershcovici T, Fass R. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: beyond proton pump inhibitor therapy. Drugs. 2011;71(18):2381–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Fass R. Alternative therapeutic approaches to chronic proton pump inhibitor treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(4):338–45, quiz e39–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Fass R, Sifrim D. Management of heartburn not responding to proton pump inhibitors. Gut. 2009;58(2):295–309.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Fass R. Proton pump inhibitor failure—what are the therapeutic options? Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104 Suppl 2:S33–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Chiba N, De Gara CJ, Wilkinson JM, Hunt RH. Speed of healing and symptom relief in grade II to IV gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 1997;112(6):1798–810.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Fass R, Shapiro M, Dekel R, Sewell J. Systematic review: proton-pump inhibitor failure in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease–where next? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22(2):79–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Moore JM, Vaezi MF. Extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease: real or imagined? Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010;26(4):389–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Fass R, Hixson LJ, Ciccolo ML, Gordon P, Hunter G, Rappaport W. Contemporary medical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am Fam Physician. 1997;55(1):205–12, 17–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Wolfe MM, Sachs G. Acid suppression: optimizing therapy for gastroduodenal ulcer healing, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and stress-related erosive syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2000; 118(2 Suppl 1):S9–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang WH, Huang JQ, Zheng GF, Xia HH, Wong WM, Lam SK, et al. Head-to-head comparison of H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of erosive esophagitis: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(26):4067–77.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Venables TL, Newland RD, Patel AC, Hole J, Wilcock C, Turbitt ML. Omeprazole 10 milligrams once daily, omeprazole 20 milligrams once daily, or ranitidine 150 milligrams twice daily, evaluated as initial therapy for the relief of symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in general practice. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997;32(10):965–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fujiwara Y, Higuchi K, Nebiki H, Chono S, Uno H, Kitada K, et al. Famotidine vs. omeprazole: a prospective randomized multicentre trial to determine efficacy in non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21 Suppl 2:10–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Pappa KA, Gooch WM, Buaron K, Payne JE, Giefer EE, Sirgo MA, et al. Low-dose ranitidine for the relief of heartburn. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13(4):459–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Pappa KA, Williams BO, Payne JE, Buaron KS, Mussari KL, Ciociola AA. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of non-prescription ranitidine 75 mg in the prevention of meal-induced heartburn. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13(4):467–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Peghini PL, Katz PO, Castell DO. Ranitidine controls nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough on omeprazole: a controlled study in normal subjects. Gastroenterology. 1998;115(6):1335–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Iwakiri K, Kawami N, Sano H, Tanaka Y, Umezawa M, Futagami S, et al. The effects of nizatidine on transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) and acid reflux in healthy subjects. J Smooth Muscle Res. 2011;47(6):157–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ohara S, Haruma K, Kinoshita Y, Kusano M. A double-blind, controlled study comparing lafutidine with placebo and famotidine in Japanese patients with mild reflux esophagitis. J Gastroenterol. 2010;45(12):1219–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Inamori M, Iida H, Hosono K, Endo H, Sakamoto Y, Takahashi H, et al. The histamine H2 receptor antagonist lafutidine in Japanese patients with non-erosive reflux disease. Hepatogastroenterology. 2010;57(104):1430–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Dewan B, Philipose N. Lafutidine 10 mg versus Rabeprazole 20 mg in the treatment of patients with heartburn-dominant uninvestigated dyspepsia: a randomized, multicentric trial. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011;2011:640685.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Gatehouse D, Wedd DJ, Paes D, Delow G, Burlinson B, Pascoe S, et al. Investigations into the genotoxic potential of loxtidine, a long-acting H2-receptor antagonist. Mutagenesis. 1988;3(1):57–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. NCT00405119. A study to investigate the effectiveness of AH234844 (lavoltidine) compared with nexium and ranitidine. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ctz/show/NCT00405119.

  22. NCT00551473. Open-label comparison of 24 h gastric pH on days 1, 2, 7 with once-daily administration of lavoltidine 40 mg. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ctz/show/NCT00551473.

  23. Fackler WK, Ours TM, Vaezi MF, Richter JE. Long-term effect of H2RA therapy on nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough. Gastroenterology. 2002;122(3):625–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Scarpignato C. New drugs to suppress acid secretion: current and future developments. Drug Discov Today Ther Strateg. 2007;4(3):155–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Horn J. The proton-pump inhibitors: similarities and differences. Clin Ther. 2000;22(3):266–80, discussion 5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Howden CW. Appropriate acid suppression in the treatment of acid-related conditions. Pharmacol Ther. 1994;63(1):123–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Khan M, Santana J, Donnellan C, Preston C, Moayyedi P. Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;18(2):CD003244.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dean BB, Gano AD Jr, Knight K, Ofman JJ, Fass R. Effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in nonerosive reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2(8):656–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hatlebakk JG, Katz PO, Kuo B, Castell DO. Nocturnal gastric acidity and acid breakthrough on different regimens of omeprazole 40 mg daily. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1998;12(12):1235–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Galmiche JP, Bruley Des Varannes S, Ducrotte P, Sacher-Huvelin S, Vavasseur F, Taccoen A, et al. Tenatoprazole, a novel proton pump inhibitor with a prolonged plasma half-life: effects on intragastric pH and comparison with esomeprazole in healthy volunteers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;19(6):655–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Thomson AB, Cohen P, Ficheux H, Fiorentini P, Domagala F, Homerin M, et al. Comparison of the effects of fasting morning, fasting evening and fed bedtime administration of tenatoprazole on intragastric pH in healthy volunteers: a randomized three-way crossover study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;23(8):1179–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Hunt RH, Armstrong D, Yaghoobi M, James C. The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of S-tenatoprazole-Na 30 mg, 60 mg and 90 mg vs. esomeprazole 40 mg in healthy male subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31(6):648–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Sachs G, Shin JM, Hunt R. Novel approaches to inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2010;12(6):437–47.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hunt RH, Armstrong D, Yaghoobi M, James C, Chen Y, Leonard J, et al. Predictable prolonged suppression of gastric acidity with a novel proton pump inhibitor, AGN 201904-Z. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(2):187–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Chowers Y, Atarot T, Kostadinov A, Nudelman M, Bar-Peled O, Brenman L, Pankratov O, Naveh M. PPI activity is optimized by VB101, a parietal cell activator. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(4 Suppl 1):A–172.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Chowers Y, Atarot T, Pratha VS, Fass R. The effect of once daily omeprazole and succinic acid (VECAM) vs once daily omeprazole on 24-h intragastric pH. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012;24(5):426–31, e208–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Orexo announces results confirming the clinical profile of OX17 in reflux disease (GERD). http://www.orexo.com/en/Investor-Relations/Press-releases/?guid=341021. Accessed 9 Feb 2015.

  38. Novartis AG has sent a notice of termination of the license agreement on OX17 for GERD. http://www.orexo.com/en/Portfolio/OX17/. Accessed 9 Feb 2015.

  39. Dutta U, Armstrong D. Novel pharmaceutical approaches to reflux disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2013;42(1):93–117.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Sorba G, Galli U, Cena C, Fruttero R, Gasco A, Morini G, et al. A new furoxan NO-donor rabeprazole derivative and related compounds. Chembiochem. 2003;4(9):899–903.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Sahoo BK, Das A, Agarwal S, Bhaumik U, Bose A, Ghosh D, et al. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of a fixed dose combination of rabeprazole and itopride in healthy Indian volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 2009;59(9):451–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mohamed HM. A study of selective spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of Itopride hydrochloride and Rabeprazole sodium binary mixture: resolving sever overlapping spectra. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2014;136PC:1308–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ghosh A, Halder S, Mandal S, Mandal A, Basu M, Dabholkar P. Rabeto plus: a valuable drug for managing functional dyspepsia. J Indian Med Assoc. 2008;106(11):752–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Singhal S DP, Bhatt A, Pokharna R, Sharma D, Kumar G, Kar P. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of pantoprazole and domperidone combination in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Internet J Gastroenterol. 2005;4(2).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Anderson KO, Dalton CB, Bradley LA, Richter JE. Stress induces alteration of esophageal pressures in healthy volunteers and non-cardiac chest pain patients. Dig Dis Sci. 1989;34(1):83–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kahrilas PJ, Dent J, Lauritsen K, Malfertheiner P, Denison H, Franzen S, et al. A randomized, comparative study of three doses of AZD0865 and esomeprazole for healing of reflux esophagitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5(12):1385–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Dent J, Kahrilas PJ, Hatlebakk J, Vakil N, Denison H, Franzen S, et al. A randomized, comparative trial of a potassium-competitive acid blocker (AZD0865) and esomeprazole for the treatment of patients with nonerosive reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(1):20–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Simon WA, Herrmann M, Klein T, Shin JM, Huber R, Senn-Bilfinger J, et al. Soraprazan: setting new standards in inhibition of gastric acid secretion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007;321(3):866–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Choi HY, Noh YH, Jin SJ, Kim YH, Kim MJ, Sung H, et al. Bioavailability and tolerability of combination treatment with revaprazan 200 mg + itopride 150 mg: a randomized crossover study in healthy male Korean volunteers. Clin Ther. 2012;34(9):1999–2010.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hori Y, Matsukawa J, Takeuchi T, Nishida H, Kajino M, Inatomi N. A study comparing the antisecretory effect of TAK-438, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, with lansoprazole in animals. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011;337(3):797–804.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Arikawa Y, Nishida H, Kurasawa O, Hasuoka A, Hirase K, Inatomi N, et al. Discovery of a novel pyrrole derivative 1-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanamin e fumarate (TAK-438) as a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB). J Med Chem. 2012;55(9):4446–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Jenkins H, Sakurai Y, Nishimura A, Okamoto H, Hibberd M, Jenkins R, et al. Randomised clinical trial: safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeated doses of TAK-438 (vonoprazan), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, in healthy male subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(7):636–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Hershcovici T, Mashimo H, Fass R. The lower esophageal sphincter. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;23(9):819–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Rohof WO, Aronica E, Beaumont H, Troost D, Boeckxstaens GE. Localization of mGluR5, GABAB, GABAA, and cannabinoid receptors on the vago-vagal reflex pathway responsible for transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in humans: an immunohistochemical study. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012;24(4):383–e173.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Lehmann A, Blackshaw LA, Branden L, Carlsson A, Jensen J, Nygren E, et al. Cannabinoid receptor agonism inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux in dogs. Gastroenterology. 2002;123(4):1129–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Beaumont H, Jensen J, Carlsson A, Ruth M, Lehmann A, Boeckxstaens G. Effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, on the triggering of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in dogs and humans. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;156(1):153–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Scarpellini E, Blondeau K, Boecxstaens V, Vos R, Gasbarrini A, Farre R, et al. Effect of rimonabant on oesophageal motor function in man. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(6):730–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Lehmann F, Hildebrand P, Beglinger C. New molecular targets for treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Drugs. 2003;63(17):1785–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Clave P, Gonzalez A, Moreno A, Lopez R, Farre A, Cusso X, et al. Endogenous cholecystokinin enhances postprandial gastroesophageal reflux in humans through extrasphincteric receptors. Gastroenterology. 1998;115(3):597–604.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Zerbib F, Bruley DVS, Scarpignato C, Leray V, D’Amato M, Roze C, et al. Endogenous cholecystokinin in postprandial lower esophageal sphincter function and fundic tone in humans. Am J Physiol. 1998; 275(6 Pt 1):G1266–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Beglinger CDL, Schroller S, D’Amato M, Persiani S Oral itriglumide, a specific CCK2/gastrin receptor antagonist, inhibits gastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in humans. Gut. 2004;54 Suppl VII:A36.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Hershcovici T, Fass R. Transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation reducers–have we hit a brick wall? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(11):1256–7, author reply 7–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lal R, Sukbuntherng J, Tai EH, Upadhyay S, Yao F, Warren MS, et al. Arbaclofen placarbil, a novel R-baclofen prodrug: improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination properties compared with R-baclofen. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009;330(3):911–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Vakil NB, Huff FJ, Bian A, Jones DS, Stamler D. Arbaclofen placarbil in GERD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(8):1427–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Boeckxstaens GE BH, Hatlebakk J, Silberg D, Adler J, Denison H. Efficacy and tolerability of the novel reflux inhibitor, AZD3355, as add-on treatment in GERD patients with symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor therapy. Gastroenterology. 2009;136 Suppl 1:A436.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Boeckxstaens GE, Beaumont H, Mertens V, Denison H, Ruth M, Adler J, et al. Effects of lesogaberan on reflux and lower esophageal sphincter function in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(2):409–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Zerbib F, Bruley des Varannes S, Roman S, Tutuian R, Galmiche JP, Mion F, et al. Randomised clinical trial: effects of monotherapy with ADX10059, a mGluR5 inhibitor, on symptoms and reflux events in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(8):911–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Rohof WO, Lei A, Hirsch DP, Ny L, Astrand M, Hansen MB, et al. The effects of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist (AZD2066) on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux episodes in healthy volunteers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35(10):1231–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Ruth M, Hamelin B, Rohss K, Lundell L. The effect of mosapride, a novel prokinetic, on acid reflux variables in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1998;12(1):35–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Futagami S, Iwakiri K, Shindo T, Kawagoe T, Horie A, Shimpuku M, et al. The prokinetic effect of mosapride citrate combined with omeprazole therapy improves clinical symptoms and gastric emptying in PPI-resistant NERD patients with delayed gastric emptying. J Gastroenterol. 2010;45(4):413–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Kim YS, Kim TH, Choi CS, Shon YW, Kim SW, Seo GS, et al. Effect of itopride, a new prokinetic, in patients with mild GERD: a pilot study. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(27):4210–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Rohof WO, Bennink RJ, de Ruigh AA, Hirsch DP, Zwinderman AH, Boeckxstaens GE. Effect of azithromycin on acid reflux, hiatus hernia and proximal acid pocket in the postprandial period. Gut. 2012;61(12):1670–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Mertens V, Blondeau K, Pauwels A, Farre R, Vanaudenaerde B, Vos R, et al. Azithromycin reduces gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration in lung transplant recipients. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(5):972–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Frampton JE. Prucalopride. Drugs. 2009;69(17):2463–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Shaheen NJ, Adler J, Dedrie S, Johnson D, Malfertheiner P, Miner P, et al. Randomised clinical trial: the 5-HT4 agonist revexepride in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease who have persistent symptoms despite PPI therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(7):649–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Choung RS, Ferguson DD, Murray JA, Kammer PP, Dierkhising RA, Zinsmeister AR, et al. A novel partial 5HT3 agonist DDP733 after a standard refluxogenic meal reduces reflux events: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacodynamic study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27(5):404–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Krarup AL, Ny L, Astrand M, Bajor A, Hvid-Jensen F, Hansen MB, et al. Randomised clinical trial: the efficacy of a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist AZD1386 in human oesophageal pain. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(10):1113–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Fass R. Functional heartburn: what it is and how to treat it. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2009;19(1):23–33, v.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Hershcovici T, Achem SR, Jha LK, Fass R. Systematic review: the treatment of noncardiac chest pain. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35(1):5–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Dickman R, Maradey-Romero C, Fass R. The role of pain modulators in esophageal disorders—no pain no gain. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014;26(5):603–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Krarup AL, Ny L, Gunnarsson J, Hvid-Jensen F, Zetterstrand S, Simren M, et al. Randomized clinical trial: inhibition of the TRPV1 system in patients with nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease and a partial response to PPI treatment is not associated with analgesia to esophageal experimental pain. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013;48(3):274–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Kort ME, Kym PR. TRPV1 antagonists: clinical setbacks and prospects for future development. Prog Med Chem. 2012;51:57–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Gunthorpe MJ, Chizh BA. Clinical development of TRPV1 antagonists: targeting a pivotal point in the pain pathway. Drug Discov Today. 2009;14(1–2):56–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Liu J, Wang LN. Ramelteon in the treatment of chronic insomnia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract. 2012;66(9):867–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Jha LK GR, Grewal YS, et al. Rozerem improves reports of symptoms in GERD patients with chronic insomnia. Gastroenterology. 2012;142 Suppl 1:S592 (abstract).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Fujiwara Y, Arakawa T, Fass R. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and sleep. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2013;42(1):57–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Chua YC, Ng KS, Sharma A, Jafari J, Surguy S, Yazaki E, et al. Randomised clinical trial: pregabalin attenuates the development of acid-induced oesophageal hypersensitivity in healthy volunteers—a placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35(3):319–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Adachi K, Furuta K, Miwa H, Oshima T, Miki M, Komazawa Y, et al. A study on the efficacy of rebamipide for patients with proton pump inhibitor-refractory non-erosive reflux disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57(6):1609–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Araki H, Kato T, Onogi F, Ibuka T, Sugiyama A, Nakanishi T, et al. Combination of proton pump inhibitor and rebamipide, a free radical scavenger, promotes artificial ulcer healing after endoscopic submucosal dissection with dissection size > 40 mm. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2012;51(3):185–8.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Kawahara Y, Nakase Y, Isomoto Y, Matsuda N, Amagase K, Kato S, et al. Role of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent macrophages in gastric ulcer healing in mice. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011;62(4):441–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Ironwood Reports Positive Top-Line Data from Exploratory Phase IIa Trial Of IW-3718 in Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. http://news.ironwoodpharma.com/Press-Releases/Ironwood-Reports-Positive-Top-Line-Data-from-Exploratory-Phase-IIa-Trial-Of-IW-3718-in-Refractory-Ga-114.aspx. Accessed 16 March 2015.

  92. Cadiere GB, Rajan A, Rqibate M, Germay O, Dapri G, Himpens J, et al. Endoluminal fundoplication (ELF)—evolution of EsophyX, a new surgical device for transoral surgery. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2006;15(6):348–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Cadiere GB, Buset M, Muls V, Rajan A, Rosch T, Eckardt AJ, et al. Antireflux transoral incisionless fundoplication using EsophyX: 12-month results of a prospective multicenter study. World J Surg. 2008;32(8):1676–88.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Bell RC, Freeman KD. Clinical and pH-metric outcomes of transoral esophagogastric fundoplication for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surg Endosc. 2011;25(6):1975–84.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Hoppo T, Immanuel A, Schuchert M, Dubrava Z, Smith A, Nottle P, et al. Transoral incisionless fundoplication 2.0 procedure using EsophyX for gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14(12):1895–901.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Hunter JG, Kahrilas PJ, Bell RC, Wilson EB, Trad KS, Dolan JP, et al. Efficacy of transoral fundoplication vs omeprazole for treatment of regurgitation in a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(2):324–33, e5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Topuz U, Umutoglu T, Bakan M, Ozturk E. Anesthetic management of the SRS endoscopic stapling system for gastro-esophageal reflux disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(2):319–20.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Danalioglu A, Cipe G, Toydemir T, Kocaman O, Ince AT, Muslumanoglu M, et al. Endoscopic stapling in comparison to laparoscopic fundoplication for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Endosc. 2014;26(1):37–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Zacherl J, Roy-Shapira A, Bonavina L, Bapaye A, Kiesslich R, Schoppmann SF, et al. Endoscopic anterior fundoplication with the medigus ultrasonic surgical endostapler (MUSE) for gastroesophageal reflux disease: 6-month results from a multi-center prospective trial. Surg Endosc. 2015;29(1):220–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Ellis F, Berne TV, Settevig K. The prevention of experimentally induced reflux by electrical stimulation of the distal esophagus. Am J Surg. 1968;115(4):482–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Clarke JO, Jagannath SB, Kalloo AN, Long VR, Beitler DM, Kantsevoy SV. An endoscopically implantable device stimulates the lower esophageal sphincter on demand by remote control: a study using a canine model. Endoscopy. 2007;39(1):72–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Sanmiguel CP, Hagiike M, Mintchev MP, Cruz RD, Phillips EH, Cunneen SA, et al. Effect of electrical stimulation of the LES on LES pressure in a canine model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008;295(2):G389–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Rodriguez L, Rodriguez P, Neto MG, Ayala JC, Saba J, Berel D, et al. Short-term electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter increases sphincter pressure in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012;24(5):446–50, e213.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Rodriguez L, Rodriguez P, Gomez B, Ayala JC, Saba J, Perez-Castilla A, et al. Electrical stimulation therapy of the lower esophageal sphincter is successful in treating GERD: final results of open-label prospective trial. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(4):1083–92.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Rodriguez L, Rodriguez P, Gomez B, Ayala JC, Oksenberg D, Perez-Castilla A, et al. Long-term results of electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Endoscopy. 2013;45(8):595–604.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Maradey-Romero, C., Fass, R. (2016). Novel Upcoming Therapies. In: Vaezi, M. (eds) Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19524-7_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19524-7_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19523-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19524-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics