Abstract
Advances in ultrasound technology in the last 30 years have allowed transthoracic echocardiography to become the primary technique for noninvasive assessment of cardiac structure and function in patients with congenital and acquired heart disease. Advanced ultrasound techniques, including transesophageal echocardiography and intravascular ultrasound, are widely used and can refine imaging and improve outcomes during invasive cardiac procedures. Better resolution and advanced Doppler techniques have allowed more accurate diagnoses and improved monitoring of pathologic conditions, and provide tools to study embryonic and fetal cardiac development. Finally, ultrasound technologies play an important role in cardiovascular research as well and are currently applied to research in physiology, molecular biology, vascular and cardiac regeneration, and stem cell therapies.
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The author would like to thank Jim Berry, Kim Berry, and Jay Hall for providing the images shown in this chapter and Kim Berry and Jay Hall for the review of this manuscript.
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Lohr, J.L., Sivanandam, S. (2015). Introduction to Echocardiography. In: Iaizzo, P. (eds) Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19464-6_22
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19464-6_22
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