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Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices pp 251–277Cite as

Cardiac and Vascular Receptors and Signal Transduction

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Abstract

Cellular physiological functions are regulated via signaling mechanisms in essentially any cell type of any organ within the human body. While myocardial cells are unique in that they are interconnected to each other via gap junctions and thus act as an electrical syncytium, a vast number of important cellular receptors and signal transduction pathways allow individual cells to receive and respond to various signals. These receptors and signal transduction pathways play important roles in normal cell/organ functions (their physiology), as well as in disease processes (pathophysiology). It is the aim of this chapter to review the major role and signaling mechanisms of selected physiologically and pathophysiologically important cardiac and vascular receptors, with emphasis on G protein-coupled receptors (e.g., beta-adrenergic receptors) and non-G protein-coupled receptor systems, such as guanylyl cyclase-related receptors (e.g., receptors for nitric oxide). Finally, we will discuss the importance and complexity of inflammation in the pathobiology of coronary artery disease and its treatment. Inflammation plays a very important role in cardiovascular disease. For example, device-based interventions such as coronary stenting may activate inflammation via a series of complex signaling processes. Importantly, inflammation pathways also play a central role in the elicitation of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and/or heart failure.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Adenylyl cyclase

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

β-AR:

Beta-adrenergic receptor

β-ARK:

Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CDK:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

cGMP:

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

DES:

Drug-eluting stent

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

GC:

Guanylyl cyclase

GDP:

Guanosine diphosphate

GTP:

Guanosine triphosphate

IRAK:

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase

ISR:

In-stent restenosis

JNK:

JUN N-terminal kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MCP:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein

M-CSF:

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

pRB:

Retinoblastoma gene product

PTCA:

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

SMC:

Smooth muscle cell

TIR:

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TNFR:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor

TRAF:

TNFR-associated factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. FocusStart LLC, 213 4th St. E., Suite 413, St. Paul, MN, 55101, USA

    Daniel C. Sigg MD, PhD

  2. Avinger, Inc., 400 Chesapeake Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA

    Ayala Hezi-Yamit PhD

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  1. Daniel C. Sigg MD, PhD
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  2. Ayala Hezi-Yamit PhD
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Correspondence to Daniel C. Sigg MD, PhD .

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  1. B172 Mayo, MMC 195, University of Minnesota Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

    Paul A. Iaizzo

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Sigg, D.C., Hezi-Yamit, A. (2015). Cardiac and Vascular Receptors and Signal Transduction. In: Iaizzo, P. (eds) Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19464-6_15

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