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Animal Models of Ocular Tumors

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Animal Models of Ophthalmic Diseases

Part of the book series: Essentials in Ophthalmology ((ESSENTIALS))

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Abstract

Ocular oncology includes many rare malignancies, for which clinical trials are often logistically very difficult to undertake. Consequently, in order to test new drugs for ocular tumors, cell lines are often resorted to, and in vivo testing is often only possible in animal models. Many different animal models exist for ocular neoplasms, and these comprise mice, rats, chick embryos, zebrafish, and Drosophila animal models. They may also entail genetic modifications, as often seen in retinoblastoma studies, or use human cell lines or patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Herein, the most important animal models for conjunctival and uveal melanoma, vitreoretinal lymphoma, and retinoblastoma are discussed, based on recent reviews in “Ocular Oncology and Pathology.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, Leiden, ZA, The Netherlands

    Martine J. Jager, Jinfeng Cao & Nadine E. de Waard

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Hua Yang

  3. Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France

    Didier Decaudin

  4. Pathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

    Helen Kalirai & Sarah E. Coupland

  5. Institute of Biology, Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Wietske van der Ent

  6. Département d’oncologie chirurgicale, Institut and Laboratory of preclinical investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France

    Nathalie Cassoux

  7. Clinical Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Mary E. Aronow

  8. School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India

    Rohini M. Nair

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  1. Martine J. Jager
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  11. Sarah E. Coupland
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Correspondence to Martine J. Jager .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Chi-Chao Chan

Commentary

Commentary

Arun D. Singh

e-mail: SINGHA@ccf.org

Department of Ophthalmic Oncology,

Cole Eye Institute,

Cleveland Clinic,

Cleveland, OH, USA

The field of ophthalmic oncology includes a large variety of ocular and periocular malignant tumors. Because these tumors are rare, many aspects of their biologic behavior and possible therapeutic interventions can only be explored using animal models. As elegantly summarized in this review, several different animal models that are spontaneous, transgenic or induced, exist for ophthalmic malignant tumors in mice, rats, chick embryos, zebrafish, and Drosophila. Animal models for conjunctival melanoma, uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma, and vitreoretinal lymphoma, among others are under active investigation. With regards Animal Models of Ocular 10 Tumors to uveal melanoma, use of animal models led to determination of optimal settings for transpupillary thermotherapy. Additional uveal melanoma models involving anterior or posterior chamber inoculations have been used to study metastatic behavior, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor immunology. With zebrafish model, effects of drugs on melanoma cell migration has been studied. Similarly, with a new model of retinoblastoma xenograft (injected into the subretinal space), efficacy of intravitreal injections of melphalan and carboplatin are under investigation as a step prior to clinical evaluation. Hopefully, detailed study of animal models will eventually improve the outcomes of patients with rare ophthalmic malignant tumors.

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Jager, M. et al. (2016). Animal Models of Ocular Tumors. In: Chan, CC. (eds) Animal Models of Ophthalmic Diseases. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19434-9_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19434-9_9

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