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A Reversible Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Modified Integer-to-Integer Discrete Wavelet Transform and CDMA Algorithm

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Digital-Forensics and Watermarking (IWDW 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 9023))

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Abstract

This paper presents a secure and large capacity reversible watermarking scheme based on modified integer-to-integer discrete wavelet transform (iDWT) and code division multiple access (CDMA) algorithms. In this scheme, the watermark data are spread by orthogonal spreading sequence and then embedded into wavelet domain, which can only be extracted with same spreading codes and be removed after extraction to recover the original image exactly. The iDWT is modified with the method of exchanging the positions of nearby pixels to generate positive wavelet coefficients, through which the length of the spreading sequence is cut down and the embedding capacity enhanced effectively. The influence of the length of different spreading sequences on watermark capacity is discussed and optimal length of orthogonal spreading sequence is obtained to achieve balance between the watermark capacity and image distortion. Performance comparison with some state-of-art reversible watermarking schemes shows that the proposed scheme achieves higher embedding capacity while maintaining image distortion at lower level.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is sponsored by the natural science foundation of Shandong Provence (No. ZR2012F014); the natural science foundation of China (No. 41202206); Jinan university & institutes innovation program (JN201402005); Science and Technology Project of Colleges and universities in Shandong Province (J14LN11).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Evidence-Identifying in Universities of Shandong, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan, China

    Bin Ma

  2. New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

    Yun Qing Shi

Authors
  1. Bin Ma
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  2. Yun Qing Shi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bin Ma .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. NJIT, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Yun-Qing Shi

  2. Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

    Hyoung Joong Kim

  3. Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

    Fernando Pérez-González

  4. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan

    Ching-Nung Yang

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Ma, B., Shi, Y.Q. (2015). A Reversible Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Modified Integer-to-Integer Discrete Wavelet Transform and CDMA Algorithm. In: Shi, YQ., Kim, H., Pérez-González, F., Yang, CN. (eds) Digital-Forensics and Watermarking. IWDW 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9023. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19321-2_32

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19321-2_32

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19320-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19321-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

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