Abstract
Radiation-enhancement processes have a long history that can be traced back to the dawn of quantum mechanics, when Klein showed that the Dirac equation allows for electrons to be transmitted even in classically forbidden regions [1]. In 1971 Zel’dovich showed that scattering of radiation off rotating absorbing surfaces results, under certain conditions, in waves with a larger amplitude [2, 3].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
O. Klein, Die reflexion von elektronen an einem potentialsprung nach der relativistischen dynamik von dirac. Z. Phys. 53(3–4), 157–165 (1929). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01339716
Y.B. Zel’dovich, Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 14, 270 (1971) [JETP Lett. 14, 180 (1971)]
Y.B. Zel’dovich, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz 62, 2076 (1972) [Sov. Phys. JETP 35, 1085 (1972)]
J. Bekenstein, Extraction of energy and charge from a black hole. Phys. Rev. D7, 949–953 (1973)
J.D. Bekenstein, M. Schiffer, The many faces of superradiance. Phys. Rev. D58, 064014 (1998). arXiv:gr-qc/9803033 [gr-qc]
S. Hawking, Particle creation by black holes. Commun. Math. Phys. 43, 199–220 (1975)
S. Hawking, A Brief History of Time (Bantam Dell Publishing Group, New York, 1988)
A. Arvanitaki, S. Dubovsky, Exploring the string axiverse with precision black hole physics. Phys. Rev. D83, 044026 (2011). arXiv:1004.3558 [hep-th]
P. Pani, V. Cardoso, L. Gualtieri, E. Berti, A. Ishibashi, Black hole bombs and photon mass bounds. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 131102 (2012). arXiv:1209.0465 [gr-qc]
R. Brito, V. Cardoso, P. Pani, Massive spin-2 fields on black hole spacetimes: instability of the Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions and bounds on the graviton mass. Phys. Rev. D88, 023514 (2013). arXiv:1304.6725 [gr-qc]
C.A.R. Herdeiro, E. Radu, Kerr black holes with scalar hair. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 221101 (2014). arXiv:1403.2757 [gr-qc]
V. Cardoso, O.J. Dias, Small Kerr-anti-de Sitter black holes are unstable. Phys. Rev. D70, 084011 (2004). arXiv:hep-th/0405006 [hep-th]
O.J. Dias, P. Figueras, S. Minwalla, P. Mitra, R. Monteiro et al., Hairy black holes and solitons in global AdS 5. J. High Energy Phys. 1208, 117 (2012). arXiv:1112.4447 [hep-th]
O.J. Dias, G.T. Horowitz, J.E. Santos, Black holes with only one killing field. J. High Energy Phys. 1107, 115 (2011). arXiv:1105.4167 [hep-th]
M. Shibata, H. Yoshino, Bar-mode instability of rapidly spinning black hole in higher dimensions: numerical simulation in general relativity. Phys. Rev. D81, 104035 (2010). arXiv:1004.4970 [gr-qc]
S.A. Hartnoll, C.P. Herzog, G.T. Horowitz, Building a holographic superconductor. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 031601 (2008). arXiv:0803.3295 [hep-th]
S.S. Gubser, Breaking an Abelian gauge symmetry near a black hole horizon. Phys. Rev. D78, 065034 (2008). arXiv:0801.2977 [hep-th]
S.A. Hartnoll, Horizons, holography and condensed matter (2011). arXiv:1106.4324 [hep-th]
R. Dicke, Coherence in spontaneous radiation processes. Phys. Rev. 93, 99–110 (1954)
V.L. Ginzburg, I.M. Frank, Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. SSSR 56 583 (1947)
A. Einstein, The foundation of the general theory of relativity. Ann. Phys. 49, 769–822 (1916)
K. Schwarzschild, On the gravitational field of a mass point according to Einstein’s theory. Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (Math. Phys.) 1916, 189–196 (1916). arXiv:physics/9905030 [physics]
T. Kaluza, On the problem of unity in physics. Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (Math. Phys.) 1921, 966–972 (1921).
O. Klein, Quantum theory and five-dimensional theory of relativity (In German and English). Z. Phys. 37, 895–906 (1926)
C.A. Manogue, The Klein paradox and superradiance. Ann. Phys. 181, 261–283 (1988)
S. Chandrasekhar, The maximum mass of ideal white dwarfs. Astrophys. J. 74, 81–82 (1931)
J. Oppenheimer, G. Volkoff, On massive neutron cores. Phys. Rev. 55, 374–381 (1939)
I.E. Tamm, I.M. Frank, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 14, 109 (1937)
V. Ginzburg, I. Frank, Radiation of a uniformly moving electron due to its transition from one medium into another. J.Phys. (USSR) 9, 353–362 (1945)
J. Pierce, Electrons and Waves (New York, Anchor Books, 1964)
S. Smith, E. Purcell, Visible light from localized surface charges moving across a grating. Phys. Rev. 92, 1069 (1953)
B. Billinghurst, J. Bergstrom, L. Dallin, M. de Jong, T. May et al., Observation of superradiant synchrotron radiation in the terahertz region. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams. 16(6), 060702 (2013)
T. Regge, J.A. Wheeler, Stability of a Schwarzschild singularity. Phys. Rev. 108, 1063–1069 (1957)
D. Finkelstein, Past-future asymmetry of the gravitational field of a point particle. Phys. Rev. 110, 965–967 (1958)
E. Newman, R. Penrose, An approach to gravitational radiation by a method of spin coefficients. J. Math. Phys. 3, 566–578 (1962)
R.P. Kerr, Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 11, 237–238 (1963)
M. Schmidt, 3C 273: a star-like object with large red-shift. Nature 197, 1040 (1963)
C.T. Bolton, Cygnus X-1-Dimensions of the system. Nature 240, 124 (1972)
R. Ruffini, J.A. Wheeler, Introducing the black hole. Phys. Today 24, 30 (1971)
J.A. Wheeler, Our universe: the known and the unknown. Phys. Teach. 7, 1 (1969)
J.A. Wheeler, K. Ford, Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics (Norton, New York, 1998), p. 380
R. Penrose, Nuovo Cimento. J. Serie 1, 252 (1969)
R.M. Wald, Gravitational collapse and cosmic censorship (1997). arXiv:gr-qc/9710068 [gr-qc]
F.J. Zerilli, Effective potential for even parity Regge-Wheeler gravitational perturbation equations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 737–738 (1970)
F. Zerilli, Gravitational field of a particle falling in a schwarzschild geometry analyzed in tensor harmonics. Phys. Rev. D2, 2141–2160 (1970)
C.V. Vishveshwara, Scattering of gravitational radiation by a Schwarzschild black hole. Nature 227, 936 (1970)
H.-P. Nollert, TOPICAL REVIEW: quasinormal modes: the characteristic ‘sound’ of black holes and neutron stars. Classical Quantum Gravity 16, R159–R216 (1999)
K.D. Kokkotas, B.G. Schmidt, Quasinormal modes of stars and black holes. Living Rev. Relativ. 2, 2 (1999). arXiv:gr-qc/9909058 [gr-qc]
V. Ferrari, L. Gualtieri, Quasi-normal modes and gravitational wave astronomy. Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 40, 945–970 (2008). arXiv:0709.0657 [gr-qc]
E. Berti, V. Cardoso, A.O. Starinets, Quasinormal modes of black holes and black branes. Classical Quantum Gravity 26, 163001 (2009). arXiv:0905.2975 [gr-qc]
R. Konoplya, A. Zhidenko, Quasinormal modes of black holes: from astrophysics to string theory. Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 793–836 (2011). arXiv:1102.4014 [gr-qc]
A. Starobinski, Amplification of waves during reflection from a rotating black hole. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 64, 48. (1973) [Sov. Phys. JETP 37, 28 (1973)]
A.A. Starobinski, S.M. Churilov, Amplification of electromagnetic and gravitational waves scattered by a rotating black hole. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 65, 3 (1973) [Sov. Phys. JETP 38, 1 (1973)]
N. Deruelle, R. Ruffini, Quantum and classical relativistic energy states in stationary geometries. Phys. Lett. B52, 437–441 (1974)
N. Deruelle, R. Ruffini, Klein paradox in a Kerr geometry. Phys. Lett. B57, 248 (1975)
S.A. Teukolsky, Rotating black holes—separable wave equations for gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 1114–1118 (1972)
S. Teukolsky, W. Press, Perturbations of a rotating black hole. III - Interaction of the hole with gravitational and electromagnet ic radiation. Astrophys. J. 193, 443–461 (1974)
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, Floating orbits, superradiant scattering and the black-hole bomb. Nature 238, 211–212 (1972)
W. Unruh, Separability of the Neutrino equations in a Kerr background. Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 1265–1267 (1973)
S. Chandrasekhar, The solution of Dirac’s equation in Kerr geometry. R. Soc. Lond. Proc. Ser. A 349, 571–575 (1976)
B.R. Iyer, A. Kumar, Note on the absence of massive fermion superradiance from a Kerr black hole. Phys. Rev. 18, 4799–4801 (1978)
R. Blandford, R. Znajek, Electromagnetic extractions of energy from Kerr black holes. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 179, 433–456 (1977)
T. Damour, N. Deruelle, R. Ruffini, On quantum resonances in stationary geometries. Lett. Nuovo Cim. 15, 257–262 (1976)
S.L. Detweiler, Klein-Gordon equation and rotating black holes. Phys. Rev. D22, 2323–2326 (1980)
T. Zouros, D. Eardley, Instabilities of massive scalar perturbations of a rotating black hole. Ann. Phys. 118, 139–155 (1979)
J.L. Friedman, Ergosphere instability. Commun. Math. Phys. 63, 243–255 (1978)
S. Chandrasekhar, The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1983)
E. Leaver, An Analytic representation for the quasi normal modes of Kerr black holes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A402, 285–298 (1985)
E.W. Leaver, Solutions to a generalized spheroidal wave equation: Teukolsky’s equations in general relativity, and the two-center problem in molecular quantum mechanics. J. Math. Phys. 27, 1238 (1986)
E.W. Leaver, Spectral decomposition of the perturbation response of the Schwarzschild geometry. Phys. Rev. D34, 384–408 (1986)
V. Cardoso, S.J. Dias, G.S. Hartnett, L. Lehner, J.E. Santos, Holographic thermalization, quasinormal modes and superradiance in Kerr-AdS. J. High Energy Phys. 1404, 183 (2014). arXiv:1312.5323 [hep-th]
J.E. McClintock, R.A. Remillard, The black hole binary A0620-00. Astrophys. J. 308, 110 (1986)
R.C. Myers, M. Perry, Black holes in higher dimensional space-times. Ann. Phys. 172, 304 (1986)
Y. Kojima, Equations governing the nonradial oscillations of a slowly rotating relativistic star. Phys. Rev. D46, 4289–4303 (1992)
Y. Kojima, Coupled pulsations between polar and axial modes in a slowly rotating relativistic star. Prog. Theor. Phys. 90, 977–990 (1993)
Y. Kojima, Normal modes of relativistic stars in slow rotation limit. Astrophys. J. 414, 247–253 (1993)
J.M. Maldacena, The large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity. Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231–252 (1998). arXiv:hep-th/9711200
S.S. Gubser, I.R. Klebanov, A.M. Polyakov, Gauge theory correlators from non-critical string theory. Phys. Lett. B428, 105–114 (1998). arXiv:hep-th/9802109
E. Witten, Anti-de Sitter space and holography. Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 253–291 (1998). arXiv:hep-th/9802150
O. Aharony, S.S. Gubser, J.M. Maldacena, H. Ooguri, Y. Oz, Large N field theories, string theory and gravity. Phys. Rep. 323, 183–386 (2000). arXiv:hep-th/9905111
T. Banks, W. Fischler, A model for high-energy scattering in quantum gravity (1999). arXiv:hep-th/9906038 [hep-th]
S. Dimopoulos, G.L. Landsberg, Black holes at the LHC. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 161602 (2001). arXiv:hep-ph/0106295 [hep-ph]
S.B. Giddings, S.D. Thomas, High-energy colliders as black hole factories: the end of short distance physics. Phys. Rev. D65, 056010 (2002). arXiv:hep-ph/0106219 [hep-ph]
R. Emparan, H.S. Reall, A rotating black ring solution in five-dimensions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 101101 (2002). arXiv:hep-th/0110260 [hep-th]
H. Kodama, A. Ishibashi, A master equation for gravitational perturbations of maximally symmetric black holes in higher dimensions. Prog. Theor. Phys. 110, 701–722 (2003). arXiv:hep-th/0305147
A. Ishibashi, H. Kodama, Stability of higher-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes. Prog. Theor. Phys. 110, 901–919 (2003). arXiv:hep-th/0305185
H. Kodama, A. Ishibashi, Master equations for perturbations of generalized static black holes with charge in higher dimensions. Prog. Theor. Phys. 111, 29–73 (2004). arXiv:hep-th/0308128
Y. Shlapentokh-Rothman, Exponentially growing finite energy solutions for the Klein-Gordon equation on sub-extremal Kerr spacetimes. Commun. Math. Phys. 329, 859–891 (2014). arXiv:1302.3448 [gr-qc]
LIGO Scientific Collaboration, LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (2009). arXiv:0711.3041 [gr-qc]
V. Cardoso, O.J. Dias, J.L. Hovdebo, R.C. Myers, Instability of non-supersymmetric smooth geometries. Phys. Rev. D73, 064031 (2006). arXiv:hep-th/0512277 [hep-th]
O.J. Dias, R. Emparan, A. Maccarrone, Microscopic theory of black hole superradiance. Phys. Rev. D77, 064018 (2008). arXiv:0712.0791 [hep-th]
B.D. Chowdhury, S.D. Mathur, Radiation from the non-extremal fuzzball. Classical Quantum Gravity 25, 135005 (2008). arXiv:0711.4817 [hep-th]
B.D. Chowdhury, S.D. Mathur, Pair creation in non-extremal fuzzball geometries. Classical Quantum Gravity 25, 225021 (2008). arXiv:0806.2309 [hep-th]
O.J. Dias, R. Monteiro, H.S. Reall, J.E. Santos, A scalar field condensation instability of rotating anti-de Sitter black holes. J. High Energy Phys. 1011, 036 (2010). arXiv:1007.3745 [hep-th]
P. Basu, J. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharyya, R. Loganayagam, S. Minwalla et al., Small hairy black holes in global ads spacetime. J. High Energy Phys. 1010, 045 (2010). arXiv:1003.3232 [hep-th]
A. Arvanitaki, S. Dimopoulos, S. Dubovsky, N. Kaloper, J. March-Russell, String axiverse. Phys. Rev. D81, 123530 (2010). arXiv:0905.4720 [hep-th]
V. Cardoso, S. Chakrabarti, P. Pani, E. Berti, L. Gualtieri, Floating and sinking: the imprint of massive scalars around rotating black holes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 241101 (2011). arXiv:1109.6021 [gr-qc]
P. Pani, V. Cardoso, L. Gualtieri, E. Berti, A. Ishibashi, Perturbations of slowly rotating black holes: massive vector fields in the Kerr metric. Phys. Rev. D86, 104017 (2012). arXiv:1209.0773 [gr-qc]
H. Witek, V. Cardoso, A. Ishibashi, U. Sperhake, Superradiant instabilities in astrophysical systems. Phys. Rev. D87, 043513 (2013). arXiv:1212.0551 [gr-qc]
Particle Data Group Collaboration, K. Olive et al., Review of particle physics. Chin. Phys. C38, 090001 (2014)
W.E. East, F.M. Ramazanoglu, F. Pretorius, Black hole superradiance in dynamical spacetime. Phys. Rev. D89, 061503 (2014). arXiv:1312.4529 [gr-qc]
H. Okawa, H. Witek, V. Cardoso, Black holes and fundamental fields in numerical relativity: initial data construction and evolution of bound states. Phys. Rev. D89, 104032 (2014). arXiv:1401.1548 [gr-qc]
S. Hod, Stationary scalar clouds around rotating black holes. Phys. Rev. D86, 104026 (2012). arXiv:1211.3202 [gr-qc]
Z. Zhu, S.-J. Zhang, C. Pellicer, B. Wang, E. Abdalla, Stability of Reissner-Nordström black hole in de Sitter background under charged scalar perturbation. Phys. Rev. D90(4), 044042 (2014). arXiv:1405.4931 [hep-th]
R. Konoplya, A. Zhidenko, Charged scalar field instability between the event and cosmological horizons. Phys. Rev. D90, 064048 (2014). arXiv:1406.0019 [hep-th]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brito, R., Cardoso, V., Pani, P. (2015). Introduction. In: Superradiance. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 906. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19000-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19000-6_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18999-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19000-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)