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Prenatal and Preimplantation Diagnosis pp 67–96Cite as

Medical Reasons for Pregnancy Interruption: Structural Abnormalities

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Abstract

Major congenital malformations are observed in 2–3 % of all fetuses and infants. They have a major impact on perinatal and infant mortality, morbidity in infancy and childhood, and lifelong health. An increasing number of congenital malformations are being diagnosed prenatally.

The prenatal diagnosis of fetal structural anomalies relies mainly on the visualization of the fetal anatomy by imaging methods, primarily by ultrasound. Over the past 20 years, there have been major advances in the detection of fetal anomalies with the development of better ultrasound equipment, improvement of operator skills, implementation of screening policies and guidelines, and increased patient accessibility to fetal medicine units, among other factors.

The prenatal diagnosis of major structural abnormalities represents one of the main reasons for termination of pregnancy (TOP) worldwide. In fact, with certain severe anomalies with high rates of prenatal detection, TOP has not only decreased the neonatal prevalence of the anomaly but also the overall infant mortality. It has also been suggested that differences in the legal status of TOP could explain part of the variation in the infant mortality rate among different countries.

The present chapter describes aspects of prenatal diagnosis of fetal structural abnormalities that can result in the parental decision of TOP.

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  1. Division of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Potosi 4135, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, C1199ACl, Argentina

    Lucas Otaño M.D., Ph.D., César H. Meller M.D. & Horacio A. Aiello M.D.

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  1. Lucas Otaño M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. César H. Meller M.D.
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  3. Horacio A. Aiello M.D.
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Correspondence to Lucas Otaño M.D., Ph.D. .

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    Joann Paley Galst

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Marion S. Verp

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Otaño, L., Meller, C.H., Aiello, H.A. (2015). Medical Reasons for Pregnancy Interruption: Structural Abnormalities. In: Paley Galst, J., Verp, M. (eds) Prenatal and Preimplantation Diagnosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18911-6_4

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