Abstract
An introduction to Micromegas has already been given in Sect. 1.1. In the following chapter the functional principle as well as the main features of Micromegas detectors are discussed in detail. Readers interested in the internal setup of Micromegas detectors are referred to Sect. 2.1. The physics of ionization, drift and gas amplification processes are discussed in Sects. 2.2–2.4. In Sect. 2.5 the signal formation in Micromegas is described. Effects related to the transparency of the micro-mesh for electrons are discussed in Sect. 2.6. The streamer mechanism, that leads to the formation of discharges in Micromegas, is shortly described in Sect. 2.7.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
E.g. 400 lines per inch, wire diameter 18 µm, wire periodicity 63.5 µm.
- 2.
\(r_e\): classical electron radius, \(m_e\): electron mass, \(\rho \): density of the target material, \(N_A\): Avogadro constant, Z: atomic number and A: atomic mass in g/mol of target material, z: charge of incident particle, \(\beta = v/c\): velocity of incident particle, \(\gamma =1/\sqrt{1-\beta ^2}\): Lorentz factor, \(T_\text {max} \approx 2m_e c^2 \beta ^2\gamma ^2\): maximum kinetic energy transferable to an electron in an elastic collision, I: mean excitation energy.
References
Allison WWM, Cobb JH (1980) Relativistic charged particle identification by energy loss. Ann Rev Nucl Part Sc 30(1):253–298. doi:10.1146/annurev.ns.30.120180.001345. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ns.30.120180.001345
ATLAS Collaboration (2013) New small wheel technical design report. In: Technical design report CERN-LHCC-2013-006, CERN, Geneva. http://cds.cern.ch/record/1552862
Bay A, Perroud JP, Ronga F, Derr J, Giomataris Y, Delbart A, Papadopoulos Y (2002) Study of sparking in micromegas chambers. Nucl Instrum Methods A 488(1–2):162–174. doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00510-7. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-45BRTKJ-V/2/a284420c8f18198d97bd3ecbd76666d4. ISSN 0168–9002
Beringer J (Particle Data Group) et al (2012) The review of particle physics. Phys Rev D 86:010001
Bernet C, Abbon P, Ball J, Bedfer Y, Delagnes E, Giganon A, Kunne F, Le Goff J-M, Magnon A, Marchand C, Neyret D, Panebianco S, Pereira H, Platchkov S, Procureur S, Rebourgeard P, Tarte G, Thers D (2005) The \(40\times 40\) cm\(^2\) gaseous microstrip detector micromegas for the high-luminosity COMPASS experiment at CERN. Nucl Instrum Methods A 536(1–2):61–69. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.170. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-4D3WCPJ-K/2/b0ba572003c1828607a8023b152aa403. ISSN 0168-9002
Biagi SF (1999) Monte Carlo simulation of electron drift and diffusion in counting gases under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. Nucl Instrum Methods A 421(1–2):234–240. doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01233-9. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900298012339. ISSN 0168–9002
Bichsel H (1988) Straggling in thin silicon detectors. Rev Mod Phys 60:663–699. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.663. http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.60.663
Bichsel H (2006) A method to improve tracking and particle identification in TPCs and silicon detectors. Nucl Instrum Methods A 562(1):154–197. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.03.009. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-4JNFN6M-3/2/5c93a031604810dc6d2902efef4044fe. ISSN 0168–9002
Bortfeldt J (2010) Development of micro-pattern gaseous detectors—micromegas. Diploma thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, http://www.etp.physik.uni-muenchen.de/dokumente/thesis/dipl_bortfeldt.pdf
Bortfeldt J, Biebel O, Heereman D, Hertenberger R (2012) Development of a high-resolution muon tracking system based on micropattern detectors. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 59(4):1252–1258. doi:10.1109/TNS.2012.2202688. ISSN 0018–9499
Bressan A, Hoch M, Pagano P, Ropelewski L, Sauli F, Biagi S, Buzulutskov A, Gruwé M, De Lentdecker G, Moermann D, Sharma A (1999) High rate behavior and discharge limits in micro-pattern detectors. Nucl Instrum Methods A 424(23):321–342. doi:10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01317-5 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900298013175. ISSN 0168–9002
Čerenkov PA (1937) Visible radiation produced by electrons moving in a medium with velocities exceeding that of light. Phys Rev 52:378–379. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.52.378. http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.52.378
Deslattes RD, Kessler EG Jr., Indelicato P, de Billy L, Lindroth E, Anton J, Coursey JS, Schwab DJ, Chang C, Sukumar R, Olsen K, Dragoset RA (2005) X-ray transition energies (version 1.2). National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg. http://physics.nist.gov/XrayTrans
Grupen C, Shwartz B (2008) Particle Detectors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Gupta M (2013) Calculation of radiation length in materials. PH-EP-Tech-Note-2010-013
Ipe NE, Fassò A (1994) Gas bremsstrahlung considerations in the shielding design of the advanced photon source synchrotron radiation beam lines. Nucl Instrum Methods A 351(2–3):534–544. doi:10.1016/0168-9002(94)91383-8 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0168900294913838. ISSN 0168–9002
Kleinknecht K (1992) Detektoren für Teilchenstrahlung. Teubner
Kuger F (2013) Simulationsstudien und Messungen zu Gasverstärkungsprozessen in Micromegas für den Einsatz im ATLAS NewSmallWheel. Master’s thesis, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany
Lippert B (2012) Studien zur Signalentstehung und Parametrisierung der Gasverstärkung in einem Micromegas-Detektor. Bachelor’s thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. unpublished, day-to-day supervision by J. Bortfeldt
MacDaniel EW, Mason EA (1973) The Mobility and Diffusion of Ions in Gases. Wiley, New York
Mathieson E, Smith GC (1988) Charge distributions in parallel plate avalanche chambers. Nucl Instrum Methods A 273(2–3):518–521. doi:10.1016/0168-9002(88)90046-0 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-473DCY1-B6/2/69b865447a3e9dfb74709952ea408006. ISSN 0168–9002
Moll S (2013) Entladungsstudien an Micromegas-Teilchendetektoren. Diploma thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
Raether H (1964) Electron avalanches and breakdown in gases. Butterworths, London
Raizer YP (1991) Gas discharge physics. Springer, New York
Şahin Ö, Tapan I, Özmutlu EN, Veenhof R (2010) Penning transfer in argon-based gas mixtures. JINST 5(05):P05002 http://stacks.iop.org/1748-0221/5/i=05/a=P05002
Sternheimer RM, Berger MJ, Seltzer SM (1984) Density effect for the ionization loss of charged particles in various substances. Atom Data Nucl Data 30(2):261–271. doi:10.1016/0092-640X(84)90002-0 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0092640X84900020. ISSN 0092–640X
Thibaud F, Abbon P, Andrieux V, Anfreville M, Bedfer Y, Burtin E, Capozza L, Coquelet C, Curiel Q, d’Hose N, Desforge D, Dupraz K, Durand R, Ferrero A, Giganon A, Jourde D, Kunne F, Magnon A, Makke N, Marchand C, Neyret D, Paul B, Platchkov S, Usseglio M, Vandenbroucke M (2014) Performance of large pixelised micromegas detectors in the COMPASS environment. JINST 9(02):C02005 http://stacks.iop.org/1748-0221/9/i=02/a=C02005
Townsend JS (1910) The Theory of Ionization of Gases By Collision. Constable and Company Ltd, London
Veenhof R (2010) Garfield—simulation of gaseous detectors. http://garfield.web.cern.ch/garfield/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bortfeldt, J. (2015). Functional Principle of Micromegas. In: The Floating Strip Micromegas Detector. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18893-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18893-5_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18892-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18893-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)