Abstract
This chapter discusses the hydrology of Holetta River , Ethiopia , its seasonal variability and water management in the watershed. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) modeled the rainfall–runoff process of the watershed. Statistical [coefficient of determination (R 2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), and index of volumetric fit (IVF)] and graphical methods were used to evaluate the performance of the model. The result showed that R 2, NSE and IVF were 0.85, 0.84 and 102.8, respectively, for monthly calibration and 0.73, 0.67 and 108.9, respectively, for monthly validation. These indicated that SWAT model performed well for simulation of the hydrology of the watershed. After modeling the rainfall runoff relation, the water demand of the area was assessed. CropWat model was applied and survey analyses were performed to calculate the water demand in the area. The total water demand for the three major users was 0.313, 0.583, 1.004, 0.873, and 0.341 million cubic meters (MCM) from January to May, respectively. The average flow obtained from SWAT simulation was 0.749, 0.419, 0.829, 0.623, and 0.471 MCM from January to May, respectively. From 5 months, the demand and the supply showed a gap during February, March, and April with 0.59 MCM. To solve the gap created by the demand, alternative source of water supply should be studied and integrated water management systems should be implemented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allen GR, Pereira SL, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration—guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage paper no 56, Rome
Arnold JG, Sirinivansan R, Muttiah RS, Williams JR (1998) Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment, part 1: model development. J Am Water Resour Assoc 34(1):73–89
Assefa A, Melesse AM, Admasu S (2014) Climate change in upper Gilgel Abay river catchment, Blue Nile Basin Ethiopia, In: Melesse AM, Abtew W, Setegn S (eds) Nile river basin: ecohydrological challenges, climate change and hydropolitics, pp 363–388
Behulu F, Setegn S, Melesse AM, Fiori A (2013) Hydrological analysis of the upper tiber basin: a watershed modeling approach. Hydrol Process 27(16):2339–2351
Behulu F, Setegn S, Melesse AM, Romano E, Fiori A (2014) Impact of climate change on the hydrology of upper Tiber river basin using bias corrected regional climate model. Water Resour Manage: 1–17
Berhanu B, Melesse AM, Yilma Seleshi Y (2013) GIS-based hydrological zones and soil geo-database of Ethiopia. Catena 104:21–31
Buyelwa S (2004) Water conservation and water demand management strategies for the water services sector. Ministry of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa
Chow VT, Maidment DR, Mays LW (1988) Applied hydrology. McGraw-Hill, USA
Davie T (2008) Fundamentals of hydrology. Taylor and Francis e-Library, UK
Derek C, Martin S, El Khaled (1998) CropWat for Windows: user guide. University of Southampton, Southampton
Dessu SB, Melesse AM (2012) Modeling the rainfall-runoff process of the mara river basin using SWAT. Hydrol Process 26(26):4038–4049
Dessu SB, Melesse AM (2013) Impact and uncertainties of climate change on the hydrology of the mara river basin. Hydrol Process 27(20):2973–2986
Dessu SB, Melesse AM, Bhat M, McClain M (2014) Assessment of water resources availability and demand in the mara river basin. CATENA 115:104–114
Doorenbos J, Kassam AH, Bentvelsen CL, Branscheid V, Plusje JM, Smith M, Uittenbogaard GO, VanDerWal HK (1986) Yield response to water. FAO irrigation and drainage paper 33, FAO, Rome
Doorenbos J, Pruitt WO, Aboukhaled A, Damagnez J, Dastane NG, Van Den Berg C, Rijtema PE, Ashford OM, Frere M, FAO field staff (1992) Crop water requirement. FAO irrigation and drainage paper 24, FAO, Rome
FAO/UNESCO (1974) Soil map of the world, vol 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and UNESCO, Paris
Getachew HE, Melesse AM (2012) Impact of land use/land cover change on the hydrology of Angereb watershed, Ethiopia. Int J Water Sci 1(4):1–7. doi:10.5772/56266
Grey OP, Webber DG, Setegn SG, Melesse AM (2013) Application of the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT model) on a small tropical island state (Great River Watershed, Jamaica) as a tool in integrated watershed and coastal zone management. Int J Trop Biol Conserv 62(3):293–305
Mango L, Melesse AM, McClain ME, Gann D, Setegn SG (2011a). Land use and climate change impacts on the hydrology of the upper Mara River Basin, Kenya: results of a modeling study to support better resource management. (Special issue: climate, weather and hydrology of East African Highlands). Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 15: 2245–2258. doi:10.5194/hess-15-2245-2011
Mango L, Melesse AM, McClain ME, Gann D, Setegn SG (2011b) Hydro-meteorology and water budget of Mara river basin, Kenya: a land use change scenarios analysis, In: Melesse A (ed) Nile river basin: hydrology, climate and water use, Chapter 2, 39–68. Springer Science Publisher. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-0689-7_2
Mohammed H, Alamirew T, Assen M, Melesse AM (2015) Modeling of sediment yield in Maybar gauged watershed using SWAT, northeast Ethiopia. CATENA 127:191–205
Neitsch SL, Arnold JG, Kiniry JR, Srinivasan R, Williams JR (2004) Soil and water assessment tool input/output file documentation. Texas Water Resources Institute, Collage Station, Texas
Neitsch SL, Arnold JG, Kiniry JR, Srinivasan R, Williams JR (2005) Soil and water assessment tool theoretical documentation. Texas Water Resources Institute, Collage Station, Texas
Setegn SG, Melesse AM, Haiduk A, Webber D, Wang X, McClain M (2014) Spatiotemporal distribution of fresh water availability in the Rio Cobre watershed, Jamaica. CATENA 120:81–90
Wang X, Melesse AM (2005) Evaluations of the SWAT model’s snowmelt hydrology in a Northwestern Minnesota watershed. Trans ASAE 48(4):1359–1376
Wang X, Melesse AM (2006) Effects of STATSGO and SSURGO as Inputs on SWAT model’s snowmelt simulation. J Am Water Resour Assoc 42(5):1217–1236
Wang X, Melesse AM, Yang W (2006) Influences of potential evapotranspiration estimation methods on SWAT’s hydrologic simulation in a Northwestern Minnesota watershed. Trans ASAE 49(6):1755–1771
Wang X, Shang S, Yang W, Melesse AM (2008a) Simulation of an agricultural watershed using an improved curve number method in SWAT. Trans Am Soc Agri Bio Eng 51(4): 1323–1339
Wang X, Yang W, Melesse AM (2008b) Using hydrologic equivalent wetland concept within SWAT to estimate streamflow in watersheds with numerous wetlands. Trans Am Soc Agri Bio Eng 51(1):55–72
Wang X, Garza J, Whitney M, Melesse AM, Yang W (2008c) Prediction of sediment source areas within watersheds as affected by soil data resolution. In: Findley PN (ed) Environmental modelling: new research, Chap 7, pp 151–185, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, NY 11788. ISBN: 978-1-60692-034-3
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their deepest thanks for Holetta Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Water and Energy, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resource and United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/HED for all their support.
The chapter is part of the MSc thesis work by the first author.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tibebe, M., Melesse, A.M., Zemadim, B. (2016). Runoff Estimation and Water Demand Analysis for Holetta River, Awash Subbasin, Ethiopia Using SWAT and CropWat Models. In: Melesse, A., Abtew, W. (eds) Landscape Dynamics, Soils and Hydrological Processes in Varied Climates. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18787-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18787-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18786-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18787-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)