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Everyday Child Care in Daycare Centers: An Ethnographic Study

Cuidado Infantil no Cotidiano da Creche: Um Estudo Etnográfico

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Part of the book series: Cultural Psychology of Education ((CPED,volume 1))

Abstract

This study is part of a wider project about the daily construction of childcare in a working-class neighborhood in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. It involves three years of field work on family routines and their relationship with health and education institutions. We suggest that care can be thought of as the construction of projects of the person, which is expressed in everyday practices and which occurs in a framework of power relations between agents who occupy different social positions. This chapter seeks to contribute to the conceptual discussion of childcare based on analysis of a daycare center. The research involved participant observation of the daily routine, as well as interviews with the workers at the daycare centers and local residents. We analyze and describe various dimensions of the daily construction of care as it occurs within the relationship between adults and children. Our study identified tensions between academic knowledge, linked to ‘planning,’ and practical knowledge, which informants associated with abilities posited as intrinsic to women. It also revealed that there is a tendency to idealize both caregivers and children, which coexists with the need to respond pragmatically to day-to-day demands. In fact, caregivers experience difficulties in containing disruptive behaviors, leading to indifference and to scolding of children in their care or even expression of anger. We argue that all of these phenomena may be considered different facets of childcare in this setting. Finally, we discuss the relationship between day-to-day practices in daycare centers in Salvador and the history of such centers as institutions for “needy” children, and we offer our assessment of the political and practical challenges ahead. Also addressed is the importance of thinking about care and educational practices in an integrated way and working within the framework of intersector policies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    TN (Translator’s Note) daycare center.

  2. 2.

    We adopt the term ‘consideration’ to translate the Portuguese term consideração which, when used to denote kinship connections, implies bonds of relatedness built up progressively over time that may take preeminence over those generated in the first instance by what Bahians call ‘ties of blood’. For a discussion of the constitution of relatedness as kinship within the symbolic domain of houses and configurations of houses in this region of Brazil, see Marcelin (1999), McCallum and Bustamante (2012).

  3. 3.

    Research assistant Lorena Oliveira did most of the fieldwork, supplemented with a few visits by Bustamante, the principal author of the present chapter.

  4. 4.

    The research project which gave rise to this article was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Collective Health of UFBA, the Federal University of Bahia.

  5. 5.

    “Seu” is an honorific in Portuguese denoting “Mr.”, used before first names. It’s feminine equivalente is “Dona” (T.N.).

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Correspondence to Vania Bustamante .

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Bustamante, V., McCallum, C. (2015). Everyday Child Care in Daycare Centers: An Ethnographic Study. In: Marsico, G., Dazzani, V., Ristum, M., de Souza Bastos, A. (eds) Educational Contexts and Borders through a Cultural Lens. Cultural Psychology of Education, vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18765-5_15

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