Abstract
Since the 3D integrated circuit (3D-IC) consists of several dies that are connected by the huge number of through-silicon vias (TSVs), the yield of a 3D-IC makes an impact on the chip cost. Therefore, development of testing technology for 3D-IC becomes essential for reducing the manufacturing cost of 3D-IC. In this chapter, we describe the testing technologies for 3D-IC. In Sect. 8.1, we marshal the issues that must be handled in the 3D-IC testing. From Sects. 8.2 to 8.4, we introduce the outlining of the proposed 3D-IC testing technologies in so far. From Sects. 8.5 to 8.7, we provide the 3D-IC testing technologies that are proposed by our research group in Japan.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Noia B, Chakrabarty K (2013) Pre-bond probing of through-silicon vias in 3-D stacked ICs. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 32(4):547–558
Noia B, Panth S, Chakrabarty K, Lim SK (2012) Scan test of die logic in 3D ICs using TSV probing. In: Proceedings of IEEE international test conference (ITC), pp 1–8
Chen PY, Wu CW, Kwai DM (2010) On-chip testing of blind and open-sleeve TSVs for 3D IC before bonding. In: Proceedings of IEEE VLSI test symposium (VTS), pp 263–268
Cho MK, Liu C, Kim DH, Lim SK, Mukhopadhyay S (2010) Design method and test structure to characterize and repair TSV defect induced signal degradation in 3D system. In: Proceedings of IEEE/ACM international conference on computer-aided design (ICCAD), pp 694–697
Cho MK, Liu C, Kim DH, Lim SK, Mukhopadhyay S (2011) Pre-bond and post-bond test and signal recovery structure to characterize and repair TSV defect induced signal degradation in 3-D system. IEEE Trans Compon Packag Manuf Technol 1(11):1718–1727
Huang LR, Huang SY, Sunter S, Tsai KH, Cheng WT (2013) Oscillation-based pre-bond TSV test. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 32(9):1440–1444
Deutsch S, Chakrabarty K (2013) Non-invasive pre-bond TSV test using ring oscillators and multiple voltage levels. In: Proceedings of design, automation & test in Europe conference & exhibition (DATE), pp 1065–1070
Deutsch S, Chakrabarty K (2013) Contactless pre-bond TSV test and diagnosis using ring oscillators and multiple voltage levels. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 33(5):774–785
You JW, Huang SY, Kwai DM, Chou YF, Wu CW (2010) Performance characterization of TSV in 3D IC via sensitivity analysis. In: Proceedings of 19th IEEE Asian test symposium (ATS), pp 389–394
Kandalaft N, Rashidzadeh R, Ahmadi M (2013) Testing 3-D IC through-silicon-vias (TSVs) by direct probing. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 32(4):538–546
Marinissen EJ, Verbree J, Konijnenburg M (2010) A structured and scalable test access architecture for TSV-based 3D stacked ICs. In: Proceedings of IEEE VLSI test symposium (VTS), pp 269–274
Marinissen EJ, Chi CC, Verbree J, Konijnenburg M (2010) 3D DfT architecture for pre-bond and post-bond testing. In: Proceedings of IEEE international 3D systems integration conference (3DIC), pp 1–8
Noia B, Goel SK, Chakrabarty K, Marinissen EJ, Verbree J (2010) Test-architecture optimization for TSV-based 3D stacked ICs. In: Proceedings of IEEE European test symposium (ETS), pp 24–29
Noia B, Chakrabarty K, Marinissen EJ (2010) Optimization methods for post-bond die-internal/external testing in 3D stacked ICs. In: Proceedings of IEEE international test conference (ITC), pp 1–9
Wu XX, Chen YB, Chakrabarty K, Xie Y (2008) Test-access solutions for three-dimensional SOCs. In: Proceedings of IEEE international test conference (ITC), p 1
Giri C, Roy SK, Banerjee B, Rahaman H (2009) Scan chain design targeting dual power and delay optimization for 3D integrated circuit. In: Proceedings of international conference on advances in computing, control and telecommunication technologies (ACT), pp 845–849
Marinissen EJ (2010) Testing TSV-based three-dimensional stacked ICs. In: Proceedings of design automation and test in Europe, pp 1689–1694
Deutsch S, Chickermane V, Keller B, Mukherjee S, Konjinenburg E, Marinissen EJ, Goel SK (2011) Automation of 3D-DfT insertion. In: Proceedings of IEEE Asian test symposium, pp 395–400
Noia B, Chakrabarty K, Goel SK, Marinissen EJ (2011) Test-architecture optimization and test scheduling for TSV-based 3-D stacked ICs. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 30(11):1705–1718
Deutsch S, Chakrabarty K, Marinissen EJ (2013) Uncertainty-aware robust optimization of test-access architectures for 3D stacked ICs. In: Proceedings of IEEE international test conference (ITC), pp 1–10
Agrawal M, Chakrabarty K (2013) Test-cost optimization and test-flow selection for 3D-stacked ICs. In: Proceedings of IEEE VLSI test symposium (VTS), pp 1–6
Rawat I, Gupta MK, Singh V (2013) Scheduling tests for 3D SoCs with temperature constraints. In: Proceedings of east-west design & test symposium, pp 1–4
Marinissen EJ (2012) Challenges and emerging solutions in testing TSV-based 2.5D- and 3D-stacked ICs. In: Proceedings of design, automation & test in Europe conference & exhibition, pp 1277–1282
Wang SJ, Chen YS, Li KSM (2013) Low-cost testing of TSVs in 3D stacks with pre-bond testable dies. In: Proceedings of IEEE international symposium on VLSI design, automation and test, pp 1–4
Liao CC, Chen AW, Lin LY, Wen CH (2013) Fast scan-chain ordering for 3-D-IC designs under through-silicon-via (TSV) constraints. IEEE Trans VLSI Syst 21(6):1170–1174
Yeh TH, Wang SJ, Li KSM (2011) Interconnect test for core-based designs with known circuit characteristics and test patterns. In: Proceedings of international conference on IC design & technology, pp 1–4
Panth S, Lim SK (2012) Transition delay fault testing of 3D ICs with IR-drop study. In: Proceedings of IEEE 30th VLSI test symposium (VTS), pp 270–275
Deutsch S, Chakrabarty K, Panth S, Lim SK (2012) TSV stress-aware ATPG for 3D stacked ICs. In: Proceedings of IEEE Asian test symposium, pp 31–36
Srinivasan S, Kundu S (2012) Functional test pattern generation for maximizing temperature in 3D IC Chip Stack. In: Proceedings of international symposium on quality electronic design, pp 109–116
Rajski J, Tyszer J (2013) Fault diagnosis of TSV-based interconnects in 3-D stacked designs. In: Proceedings of IEEE international test conference (ITC), pp 1–9
Shih CJ, Hsieh SA, Lu YC, Li JCM, Wu T, Chakrabarty K (2013) Test generation of path delay faults induced by defects in power TSV. In: Proceedings of IEEE Asian test symposium, pp 43–48
Lin YH, Huang SY, Tsai KH, Cheng WT, Sunter S, Chou YF, Kwai DM (2013) Parametric delay test of post-bond through-silicon vias in 3-D ICs via variable output thresholding analysis. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 32(5):737–747
You JW, Huang SY, Lin YH, Tsai MH, Kwai DM, Chou YF, Wu CW (2013) In-situ method for TSV delay testing and characterization using input sensitivity analysis. IEEE Trans Very Larg Scale Integr (VLSI) Syst 21(3):443–453
Gulbins M, Hopsch F, Schneider P, Straube B, Vermeiren W (2010) Developing digital test sequences for through-silicon vias within 3D structures. In: Proceedings of international 3D systems integration conference, pp 1–6
Noia B, Chakrabarty K (2013) Post-DfT-insertion retiming for delay recovery on inter-die paths in 3D ICs. In: Proceedings of IEEE VLSI test symposium (VTS), pp 1–6
Noia B, Chakrabarty K (2014) Retiming for delay recovery after DfT insertion on interdie paths in 3-D ICs. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 32(3):464–475
Huang SY, Huang LR, Tsai KH, Cheng WT (2013) Delay testing and characterization of post-bond interposer wires in 2.5-D ICs. In: Proceedings of IEEE international test conference (ITC), pp 1–8
Li J, Ye FM, Xu Q, Chakrabarty K, Eklow B (2013) On effective and efficient in-field TSV repair for stacked 3D ICs. 50th ACM/EDAC/IEEE design automation conference (DAC), pp 1–6
Ye FM, Chakrabarty K (2012) TSV open defects in 3D integrated circuits: characterization, test, and optimal spare allocation. In: Proceedings of 49th ACM/EDAC/IEEE design automation conference (DAC), pp 1024–1030
Millican SK, Saluja KK (2014) A test partitioning technique for scheduling tests for thermally constrained 3D integrated circuits. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on VLSI design, pp 20–25
Millican SK, Saluja KK (2012) Linear programming formulations for thermal-aware test scheduling of 3D-stacked integrated circuits. In: Proceedings of IEEE Asian test symposium, pp 37–42
Sen Gupta B, Ingelsson U, Larsson E (2011) Scheduling tests for 3D stacked chips under power constraints. In: Proceedings of 6th IEEE international symposium on electronic design, test and application (DELTA), pp 72–77
Kameyama S, Baba M, Higami Y, Takahashi H (2014) Precision resistance measurement method of TSVs in a 3D-IC by analog boundary-scan. IEICE Trans Inf Syst J97-D(4):887–890 (in Japanese)
Kameyama S, Baba M, Higami Y, Takahashi H (2014) Accurate resistance measuring method for high density post-bond TSVs in 3D-IC with electrical probes. In: Proceedings of international conference on electronics packaging (ICEP2014), pp 117–121
Kameyama S, Baba M, Higami Y, Takahashi H (2014) Measuring method for TSV-based interconnect resistance in 3D-SIC by embedded analog boundary-scan circuit. Trans Jpn Inst Electron Packag 7(1):140–146
Chung H, Ni CY, Tu CM, Chang YY, Haung YT, Chen WM, Lou BY, Tseng KF, Lee CY, Lwo BJ (2010) The advanced pattern designs with electrical test methodologies on through silicon via for CMOS image sensor. In: Proceedings of electronic components and technology conference (ECTC), pp 297–302
Stucchi M, Perry D, Katti G, Dehaene W (2010) Test structures for characterization of through silicon vias. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on microelectronic test structures (ICMTS), pp 130–134
IEEE Std. 1149.4-1999 (2000) IEEE standard for a mixed-signal test bus. ISBN: 0-7381-1755-2 SH94761, Mar.
IEEE Std. 1149.1™-2001 (R2008) (2001) IEEE standard test access port and boundary-scan architecture. ISBN: 0-7381-2944-5 SH94949, July
Parker KP, Kameyama S (2012) The boundary-scan handbook, 3rd edn. SEIZANSHA, Japan (Japanese Version, ISBN: 978-4-88359-303-3)
Yotsuyanagi H, Sakurai H, Hashizume M (2014) Delay line embedded in boundary scan for testing TSVs. IEEE international workshop on testing three-dimensional stacked integrated circuits (3D-TEST), Oct
Yotsuyanagi H, Makimoto H, Nimiya T, Hashizume M (2013) On detecting delay faults using time-to-digital converter embedded in boundary scan. IEICE Trans Inf Syst E96-D(9):1986–1993
Parker KP (2003) The boundary scan handbook, 3rd edn. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (ISBN: 978-1-4615-0367-5)
Nakamura M, Yotsuyanagi H, Hashizume M (2013) On fault detection method considering adjacent TSVs for a delay fault in TSV. IEICE Technical Report, NAID:110009728044 (in Japanese)
Kondo S, Yotsuyanagi H, Hashizume M (2011) Propagation delay analysis of a soft open defect inside a TSV. Trans Jpn Inst Electron Packag 4(1)119–126
Datta R, Sebastine A, Raghunathan A, Carpenter G, Nowka K, Abraham JA (2010) On-chip delay measurement based response analysis for timing characterization. J Electron Test 26(6):599–619
Konishi T, Yotsuyanagi H, Hashizume M (2012) A built-in test circuit for supply current testing of open defects at interconnects in 3D ICs. In: Proceedings of 4th Electronics System Integration Technologies Conference (ESTC), pp 1–6
Konishi T, Yotsuyanagi H, Hashizume M (2012) Supply current testing of open defects at interconnects in 3D ICs with IEEE 1149.1 architecture. In: Proceedings of IEEE international 3D systems integration conference, pp 8.2.1–8.2.6
Marinissen EJ, Zorian Y (2009) Testing 3D chips containing through-silicon vias. In: Proceedings of IEEE international test conference (ITC), pp 1–11
Marinissen EJ (2010) Challenges in testing TSV-based 3D stacked ICs: test flows, test contents, and test access. In: Proceedings of IEEE Asia pacific conference on circuits and systems, pp 544–547
Hashizume M, Kondo S, Yotsuyanagi H (2010) Possibility of logical error caused by open defects in TSVs. In: Proceedings of international technical conference on circuits, computers and communications, pp 907–910
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Mr. T. Konishi and Mr. S. Umezu, The University of Tokushima, for their experimental evaluation. This work was supported by VLSI Design and Education Center (VDEC), University of Tokyo, in collaboration with Synopsys, Inc, Cadence Design Systems, Inc, and Mentor Graphics, Inc. The IC chip in this study has been designed in the chip fabrication program of VDEC, University of Tokyo, in collaboration with Rohm Corporation and Toppan Printing Corporation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Takahashi, H. et al. (2015). Trends in 3D Integrated Circuit (3D-IC) Testing Technology. In: Kondo, K., Kada, M., Takahashi, K. (eds) Three-Dimensional Integration of Semiconductors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18675-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18675-7_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18674-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18675-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)