Abstract
Warfare profoundly shaped the trajectory of life in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru, during the Late Intermediate Period (1100–1450 C.E.). A long drought and new social tensions amplified subsistence stresses for LIP peoples. Recent archaeological research at Ayawiri, one of the largest fortresses in the western Titicaca Basin, has allowed us to investigate different strategies for mitigating risk prioritized during the LIP. Integrating paleoethnobotanical data, spatial analysis, and other archaeological findings, we elicit risk management strategies employed by agropastoral residents of Ayawiri during the Late Intermediate Period. Our preliminary results indicate that the threat of attack was an overriding concern to the people of Ayawiri, influencing their decisions to prioritize safety at the expense of increasing environmental risks and local social stress. Finally, we offer general insight into the context of trade-offs people made between social and environmental risks in their production and consumption of food.
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- 1.
Notably, a diversity index in the altiplano is difficult to ascertain based on macrobotanicals alone. Since tubers rarely preserved in their entirety, microbotanical analysis such as starch and phytolith techniques are often necessary to identify the diversity in crop plants grown and used in the region in prehistory (e.g., Logan et al. 2013; Rumold 2011).
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Acknowledgments
We thank Amber VanDerwarker and Gregory Wilson for the opportunity to participate in the Food and Warfare conference and contribute to this resulting edited volume. Feedback from the editors, the anonymous reviewers, and other conference participants was very helpful in drafting and revising this contribution. Funding for mapping and excavations at Ayawiri came principally from an NSF grant (BCS-0849094/BCS-1101148) with additional support from the Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Pittsburgh. Botanical analysis was supported by an NSF-DIG 1305140 and Washington University in Saint Louis Graduate Research Funding. We thank the Ministerio de Cultura for the opportunity to work at the site, and we are grateful for the friendly assistance of the community of Chila, the people and authorities of Tiquillaca, and the many crew members and colleagues who have aided us in this project.
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Langlie, B.S., Arkush, E.N. (2016). Managing Mayhem: Conflict, Environment, and Subsistence in the Andean Late Intermediate Period, Puno, Peru. In: VanDerwarker, A., Wilson, G. (eds) The Archaeology of Food and Warfare. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18506-4_12
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